Yugpravarttaka Krantikari Acharya Amarsinhji Vyaktitva Aur Krutitva - Book Summary

Here's a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Yugpravarttaka Krantikari Acharya Amarsinhji Vyaktitva aur krutitva" by Devendramuni Shastri, based on the provided pages:

Introduction to Jainism and Shraman Culture:

The text begins by introducing Indian culture as a synthesis of Vedic and Shraman cultures. While Vedic culture emphasizes external purity, prosperity, and external nature, Shraman culture prioritizes internal purity, the development of soul-qualities, and self-absorption. Shraman culture's core belief is that every being, from the smallest insect to the mightiest deity, possesses an inherent, luminous soul-energy. The key principles of Shraman culture are derived from the word "Shraman," which encompasses Shram (effort/labor), Sham (pacification/calmness), and Sam (equality). This culture champions self-reliance, self-effort, and the inherent power of the soul, believing individuals can achieve divine status through their own actions and efforts, rather than relying on external deities or rituals. It advocates for equality among all beings, irrespective of social standing, and emphasizes the development of the soul's infinite knowledge, power, and bliss.

Historical Context of Reform and Renovation:

The text highlights Lord Mahavira's era as the golden age of Shraman culture, which was later revived by revolutionary Acharyas from time to time. The 16th century is particularly noted for its intellectual revolutionaries like Kabir, Nanak, Sant Ravidas, Taran Taran Swami, and Lonkashah, who challenged religious superstitions and inconsistencies. This period saw the emergence of the Sthanakvasi tradition within Shraman culture, which focused on spiritual practice, devotion, and worship, guiding individuals from indulgence towards self-control, from accumulation to renunciation, and from darkness to light.

Life and Teachings of Acharya Amarsinhji:

The book then focuses on Acharya Amarsinhji Maharaj, hailing him as a guardian of this culture, a revolutionary, and a radiant jewel of the Shraman tradition. He is described as a profound scholar, thinker, and philosopher of his time, whose vast erudition and wisdom continue to inspire.

Birth and Early Life: Acharya Amarsinhji was born in Delhi in 1716 Vikram Samvat to Seth Devsinghji and Kamladevi, who were devout followers of Jainism. His birth was preceded by a auspicious dream experienced by his mother. From childhood, Amarsinhji exhibited a thoughtful and contemplative nature, possessing sharp intellect, pleasant speech, and good conduct. Despite excelling in various subjects and languages, including Arabic, Persian, Urdu, and Sanskrit, his mind was drawn towards spiritual pursuits.
Renunciation and Spiritual Path: At a young age, Amarsinhji was married, but his heart was not in worldly affairs. After careful consideration and gaining the consent of his parents and wife, he embraced the path of renunciation at the age of 21 in 1737 Vikram Samvat, receiving initiation from Acharya Lalchandji Maharaj.
Spiritual Practice and Propagating Jainism: As a monk, Amarsinhji diligently practiced self-control, penance, and meditation. He delved deep into Jain scriptures, philosophy, logic, and literature. He actively spread the teachings of Jainism throughout Punjab and Uttar Pradesh, combating practices like animal sacrifice, prostitution, death feasts, and casteism. His speeches were imbued with truth, intellect, and the power of righteousness, leading thousands to embrace Jainism and acquire right faith. He was proficient in six languages: Sanskrit, Prakrit, Hindi, Urdu, Arabic, and Persian, and could both write and speak in them effectively.
Miraculous Powers and Divine Insight: The text recounts several instances of Acharya Amarsinhji's extraordinary powers and profound insight.
- In Jammu, he accurately described the physical characteristics of singers he had never seen, based on his knowledge of scriptural descriptions of vocal tones.
- In Ludhiana, a devotee who disregarded his advice to perform a ritual was arrested, demonstrating the consequences of ignoring the guidance of a spiritual master.
- In Patiala, he restored the eyesight of a blind child, showcasing his compassionate nature and miraculous abilities.
- In Rohtak, he transformed a person contemplating suicide into a peaceful individual, bringing harmony to his troubled family.
Leadership and Influence: Acharya Amarsinhji held immense respect from both Jain and non-Jain communities. His unwavering devotion to his guru, Acharya Lalchandji Maharaj, was profound. He was recognized for his humility despite his growing fame and spiritual stature. He cared for ailing monks with great affection, demonstrating a complete absence of ego and possessiveness. He played a crucial role in propagating Jainism across various regions, leading thousands to discipleship and influencing many to embrace the path of Jain dharma.
Ascension to Acharya Pad: In 1756 Vikram Samvat, during Acharya Lalchandji Maharaj's Chaturmas in Amritsar, Amarsinhji Maharaj was appointed the Yuvaacharya (young Acharya). After Acharya Lalchandji Maharaj's peaceful passing, the Sangha (community) requested Amarsinhji Maharaj to assume the mantle of Acharya. In 1757 Vikram Samvat, he was formally installed as the Acharya in Delhi, marking a new era of spiritual leadership for the Sthanakvasi tradition.
Key Teachings and Interactions:
- He emphasized the importance of apari-graha (non-possession), explaining how material accumulation stifles the soul's development.
- He demonstrated his profound understanding of Jain Agamas during a debate with Yati scholars in Pali, articulating the scriptural basis for the use of the mukhavastrika (mouth cloth).
- In Jodhpur, he faced hostility from Yati adherents but transformed a haunted mansion into a place of religious discourse through his spiritual power and compassionate interaction with a spirit.
- His interactions with influential figures like Diwan Khivsi Bhandari of Jodhpur and Emperor Bahadur Shah highlight his ability to inspire and influence even those in positions of power. He advised the Emperor on principles of ahimsa (non-violence), which were already echoed in Islamic teachings.
- He received wealth from a divine source when a devotee's daughter was about to be punished for an alleged pregnancy, demonstrating that true wealth lies in adherence to principles.
Final Days and Legacy: Acharya Amarsinhji Maharaj continued to spread Jainism with immense vigor. Despite his aging body, his leadership remained strong. He imparted profound knowledge of Sanskrit, Prakrit, and Agam literature to his disciples. The text notes that many of his handwritten works are preserved in various libraries. Recognizing the approaching end of his physical life, he took Samadhi Lekhana (preparation for death through fasting) and passed away peacefully at the age of 63 in 1769 Vikram Samvat. His passing was mourned by a vast assembly, leaving behind a legacy of spiritual purity, intellectual brilliance, and dedicated service to the Jain tradition. His life is remembered as a shining example of a virtuous and influential spiritual leader who significantly contributed to the growth and influence of the Sthanakvasi tradition.

In essence, the book portrays Acharya Amarsinhji Maharaj as a revolutionary figure who embodied the core principles of Shraman culture, revitalized Jain teachings, and left an indelible mark on the spiritual landscape through his scholarship, profound insights, unwavering devotion, and compassionate leadership.