Yoga And Meditation

Here's a comprehensive summary of the provided Jain text, "Yoga and Meditation" by B.K.S. Iyengar:

This excerpt, from a Jain publication, critiques the modern, superficial approach to meditation, contrasting it with the profound and disciplined path outlined in classical yogic tradition.

Iyengar begins by observing the current trend of meditation, where it's often treated as a fleeting fad, indulged in by celebrities for perceived "spiritual beauty" and short-lived experiences. He argues that this trivializes meditation, comparing it unfavorably to the rigorous, years-long preparation required for space travel. He emphasizes that a journey to the transcendent is far more demanding than a trip to outer space.

A core argument is that meditation must begin with the body. Iyengar asserts that neglecting the body, whether due to discomforts like a mosquito bite or stomach ache, or from a lack of understanding, makes true meditation impossible. A healthy and controlled body, free from distractions and desires, is the necessary "vehicle of the Self." A dull or distracted body leads to a dull or distraught mind.

Drawing upon the wisdom of the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, Iyengar highlights the practical foundations of meditation. Patanjali's advice to choose a clean, quiet, and comfortable place for practice is presented as common-sensical. The importance of time of day, specifically early morning or late evening, is also noted for its spiritual atmosphere and practical benefits like less dust.

Body posture (asana) is crucial. Iyengar explains that the physical engagement with the body in various poses, with awareness of every pore, is itself a form of meditation. Asanas are not merely for strengthening the body but are vehicles of meditative action. The classical Padmasana (cross-legged pose) with a straight spine is exemplified. He cautions against slouching, which leads to drowsiness, and emphasizes that meditation fosters a mind that is still but razor-sharp, silent but vibrant.

A stable, erect spine is vital for creating spiritual intensity and concentration, enabling the practitioner to burn away distracting thoughts and reside in the present moment.

The text then details the physical aspects of Dhyana (pure meditation):

• Eyes: Shut, head erect, gaze directed downward and backward, as if searching for the inner light.
• Facial relaxation: The facial skin should be relaxed.
• Brain release: The brain should be released from the senses, with eyes, ears, and tongue becoming passive. Consciousness shifts from the active front to the quiet back of the brain.
• Hands: Pressed together, palm to palm, before the breastbone. This pose is both symbolic (saluting the inner Lord) and practical.
• Hand pressure: The pressure between the palms is a sensitive indicator of alertness and freedom from distraction. It can also reveal the balance of the body's electric currents, with equal pressure signifying mind-body harmony. Adjustments can be made to achieve balance.

Iyengar refutes the notion that yogic meditation is about "emptying the mind." Instead, he describes it as a state of richness and satisfying fullness, where the intellect of the heart connects with the Infinite.

Finally, the text touches upon Pranayama (yogic breathing techniques), stating they are meditative in origin and effect. The rhythmic inhalation, retention, and exhalation of breath calm the mind and help uncover the Self.

• Chin-lock (Jalandhara Bandha): The head sinks to the chest with a chin-lock. Physically, this relieves strain on the heart. Mentally, it detaches the breath from the ego-driven brain, making it more gentle and impersonal, guiding one to the heart's quiet center.
• Symbolism of breath: Inhalation (puraka) is receiving the Lord, retention (kumbhak) is savoring the Lord in deep stillness, and exhalation (rechaka) is emptying.

In essence, Iyengar advocates for a holistic and disciplined approach to meditation, rooted in the physical, emotional, and spiritual integration of the individual. He emphasizes that true meditation is a profound journey, not a superficial experience, and requires dedication to the body, mind, and spirit in harmony.