Vyavahar Sutram Part 02

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Book Title: Vyavahara Sutram Part 02 Author: Munichandrasuri (with commentary by Shriman Malayagirisuri) Publisher: Omkarsuri Gyanmandir, Surat

Overall Context:

This portion of the Vyavahara Sutram, identified as Part 02, covers Uddesha (Chapter) 2 and 3. The Vyavahara Sutram is a foundational text in Jainism, particularly within the Shvetambara tradition, dealing with the rules and conduct for ascetics (monks and nuns). This volume appears to be a scholarly edition, featuring the original sutras, the commentary (Niryukti-Bhashya) by Shriman Malayagirisuri, and editorial work by Acharya Vijay Munichandrasuri. The text is extensive, with this part focusing on specific aspects of monastic discipline.

Key Themes and Content Covered (based on the index):

The provided index (विषयानुक्रमः) reveals the detailed topics covered in this volume, primarily within Uddeha 2 and 3. The core themes revolve around conduct, disciplinary actions (Prayschitta), and the proper behavior of ascetics, especially in relation to their well-being, interactions, and the establishment of monastic order.

Uddeha 2 (Chapters/Sections related to conduct and discipline):

This section appears to be very detailed, covering a wide range of scenarios and rules for ascetics. Some of the prominent themes include:

• Vaiya-vritta (Service/Attendant Care):
  • The practice of Pariharatapaḥ Sthapana (establishment of penance for avoidance) and its related rules.
  • Detailed discussion on the conduct of two co-traveling co-religionists (Dau Saharmikā Ekato Vihartā).
  • Rules regarding helping fellow ascetics (Vaiyāvr̥ttyārthaṁ Parihāratapaḥ Sthāpanā).
  • Prohibitions and guidelines on traveling together (Dvyōḥ Vihārē Dōṣāḥ).
  • Specific rules for caring for the sick or infirm (Glāna). This includes detailed discussions on:
    • Doshas related to leaving the sick alone (Glāna ēkākīmōcanē Dōṣāḥ).
    • The conduct and procedures for caring for the sick (Glāna Pārihārika Sāmācārī).
    • Reasons for the return of the caretaker (Pārihārikasya Punarāgamanakāraṇāni).
    • Conduct related to an ascetic who has fallen ill or committed a grave offense (Asprihagr̥hītapārihārikasāmācārī).
• Prayschitta (Atonement/Penance):
  • The methodology of atonement (Prāyaścitṭavidhiḥ).
  • Causes for atonement and examples (Prāyaścitṭakāraṇāni Dr̥ṣṭāntaśca).
  • Conduct related to the person administering or receiving atonement (Ālōcakasāmācārī, Anupārihārikakartavyam).
• Specific States of Mind/Conditions:
  • Conduct related to a disturbed or agitated mind (Kṣiptacittasya Vaiyāvr̥ttyaṁ). This includes discussions on the nature of a disturbed mind, examples, and ways to pacify it.
  • Conduct related to an excited or radiant mind (Dīptacittē Sāmācārī).
  • Conduct when possessed or influenced by spirits (Yakṣāviṣṭē Sāmācārī).
  • Conduct during states of madness or delusion (Unmādē Sāmācārī).
  • Conduct when afflicted by calamities or external disturbances (Upasargaprāptasya Prarūpaṇā).
• Specific Offenses and Their Treatment:
  • Rules regarding those who are "un-established" or fall into specific transgressions (Anavasthāpya-Pārāñcita Svarūpam).
  • Rules related to accusations or slander (Abhyākhyānē Sāmācārī).
  • Rules related to expulsion or ostracization (Utpravrajanakāraṇāni).
  • Conduct regarding those who have departed from the established norms (Nivartanē Prāyaścitto Nānatvam).
• Specific Ascetic Roles and Situations:
  • Establishment of the leader of a monastic group (Ēkapākṣikasya Ācāryādipadasthāpanā).
  • Rules concerning meals and interaction with those who are partially excluded or protected (Pārihārikādihiṁ Saha Bhōjana vidhiḥ, Parihārakalpē Bhōjana vidhiḥ, Parihārakalpē Bhōjanadānavidhiḥ, Bhōjanadānē Kāraṇāni).
  • Prohibition of eating from the same vessel (Pārihārikasya Pātrē Ānyasya Bhōjananiṣēdhaḥ, Pārihārikasya Pātrē Bhōjananiṣēdhaḥ).
  • Rules regarding bringing food for a group (Ēkapātrē Bhikṣā'nayanē vidhiḥ, Samaṅkaṁ Bhōjanē vidhiḥ).

Uddeha 3 (Chapters/Sections related to monastic order and leadership):

This section seems to focus on the organization and leadership within the monastic community. Key themes include:

• Establishment of a Monastic Group Leader (Gaṇadhāraṇasāmācārī):
  • Eligibility and qualifications for becoming a leader (Gaṇadhāraṇayōgyatādiḥ).
  • Detailed descriptions of desirable qualities (Ācārakuśalatā, Saṁyamakuśalatā, Pravacanakūśalatā, Prajñaptikuśalatā, Saṅgraha kuśalatā, Upagrahakuśalatā, Akṣatācārādayaḥ, Ācāra prakalpadharatvam).
  • Examples and case studies (Puṣkariṇyādayaḥ Dr̥ṣṭāntaḥ).
  • Rules regarding the appointment or selection process (Paryāyēṇa padadhāraṇayōgyatā, Padapradānē Apavādaḥ).
  • Rules concerning those who have not completed their scriptural studies (Asamāptaśrutē padapradānam).
  • Criteria for suitability and unsuitability for leadership roles (Padayōgyalakṣaṇādiḥ, Padāyōgyāḥ, Na pōgyalakṣaṇāḥ).
  • The process of bestowing leadership (Satkṣaṇē padapradānam).
  • Rules for accepting and transmitting knowledge (Śrutagrahaṇavidhiḥ).
  • Rules for the behavior of ascetics in relation to the collective (Śramaṇēna dvisaṅgrahē sthēyam, Ācāryōpādhyāyasaṅgrahēnaniṁvāryatā, Ācāryē kālagatē sāmācārī, Nūtanācāryasthāpanāpūrvaṁ hi kālagatāprakāśanē dōṣāḥ).
  • Conduct of female ascetics (Śramaṇyā trisangrahē sthēyam, Ācāryōpādhyāyasaṅgrahē guṇāḥ).
  • Rules regarding leadership roles and their qualifications (Pravartanīsaṅgrahē guṇāḥ, Lōkē'pi triviđaḥ saṅgrahaḥ).
  • Conditions under which someone is unsuitable for a leadership role (Padagrahaṇā'yōgyatvam, Brahmacaryōpāyāḥ, Liṅgacaturabhaṅgībhajanā).
  • Specific examples and their application (Dr̥ṣṭāntāḥ, Bhikṣōḥ padayōgyā'yōgyatā).
  • Ineligibility for leadership roles due to various transgressions (Mr̥ṣāvādādidoṣē padāyōgyatvaṁ, Bahuśaḥ vratāticārē padānarhāḥ, Aśuciḥ, Vyavahāra durvyavahārādiḥ, Saṅghakāryē ghōṣaṇādiḥ, Durvyavahāranivāraṇādiḥ, Saṅghamahimā, Vyavahākaraṇayōgyatādiḥ, Avyavahariṇaḥ, Vyavahāriṇaḥ, Vyavahārasvarūpam, Gauravatyāga).
  • Conclusion (Upasaṁhāra).

Editorial and Publishing Information:

• The text is presented as a revised and edited work, incorporating palm-leaf manuscripts and materials prepared by Muniśrī Puṇyavijayjī.
• Acharya Vijay Munichandrasuri is credited as the editor, with Muni Divyarathavijayji as the assistant editor.
• The publication is dedicated to the lineage of Acharyas, including Acharya Shri Karasuriji and Acharya Shri Ramchandra-Bhadrakar-Kundakmasūriśvarji Maharaja.
• It notes that the Vyavahara Sutra is a Ched Granth (a scripture dealing with specific rules for ascetics), and its reading is restricted to qualified monks according to the Guru's command.
• The text is being published in six volumes due to its size.

Summary of Key Principles (from the index's scope):

The content of Uddeha 2 and 3 emphasizes the critical importance of:

1. Right Conduct and Discipline: The sutras meticulously outline the expected behavior of ascetics, covering everything from daily routines to handling complex ethical and disciplinary situations.
2. Prayschitta (Atonement): A significant portion deals with the process of atonement for transgressions, highlighting the necessity of confession, penance, and the role of superiors in administering it.
3. Care and Compassion: The text details the duties of care towards sick or infirm fellow ascetics, underscoring the importance of service and compassion within the monastic community.
4. Monastic Hierarchy and Leadership: Uddeha 3 specifically addresses the qualifications, appointment, and responsibilities of leaders within the sangha, stressing the need for knowledge, virtue, and the well-being of the community.
5. Unyielding Adherence to Rules: There's a clear emphasis on following the prescribed rules, with specific consequences outlined for deviations, especially concerning critical roles like leadership.
6. Contextual Application of Rules: The text suggests that the application of rules can be nuanced, considering factors like the state of the ascetic, the community's needs, and the specific circumstances.

In essence, this volume of the Vyavahara Sutram serves as a detailed manual for monastic life, offering guidance on maintaining purity, order, and spiritual progress within the Jain monastic tradition.