Vartaman Samayma Jain Tattva Darshanni Prastutata

This document, titled "Vartaman Samayma Jain Tattva Darshanni Prastutata" (The Relevance of Jain Philosophy in the Present Time), authored by Kumarpal Desai and published by B.J. Adhyayan Sanshodhan Bhavan, explores the enduring significance of Jain principles, particularly Ahimsa (non-violence) and Kshama (forgiveness), in the context of contemporary challenges.

The book begins by highlighting the stark contrast between human conflict and the indifference of nature, using the analogy of vultures thriving on the chaos of war. This sets a tone for examining humanity's destructive tendencies and its failure to adapt to changing times, drawing a parallel to the wisdom of Alvin Toffler's observation about learning from history.

The author then delves into the rapid advancements of technology, including automation, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality, and their profound impact on human life, from daily routines to healthcare and even the concepts of birth and family. This technological revolution is presented as a double-edged sword, offering immense possibilities but also posing existential questions.

The book critically analyzes the "progress" driven by technology, pointing out its unsustainable reliance on finite resources, environmental degradation (global warming, acid rain), and widening economic disparities. The author questions the direction of this progress, highlighting issues like pollution, resource depletion, and the concentration of wealth, and the resultant social unrest and global crises like economic recession and the pursuit of power by superpowers. The inherent danger of nuclear weapons and the pervasive threat of terrorism are underscored as grave consequences of humanity's violent tendencies.

In this critical juncture for humanity, facing the threat of self-annihilation through environmental disasters and warfare, the text turns to Jain philosophy as a guiding light. It introduces Lord Mahavir, the 24th Tirthankara, and the socio-religious context of his era, characterized by social inequality, the subjugation of women, blind rituals, and the prevalence of violence.

Lord Mahavir's teachings are presented as a transformative force that challenged the prevailing norms. His emphasis on accessible language (Ardhamagadhi), his empowerment of women through spiritual freedom, and his establishment of the Chaturvidha Sangha (four-fold order of monks, nuns, laymen, and laywomen) are highlighted as significant contributions. His revolutionary idea that one's worth is determined by one's actions (karma) rather than birth caste challenged the rigid social hierarchy, liberating the downtrodden and establishing a new paradigm of social equality. The text quotes scriptures emphasizing the importance of serving elders, avoiding negative company, self-study, contemplation, solitude, and perseverance as paths to liberation.

The core of the book revolves around the paramount importance of Ahimsa (non-violence) in Jain philosophy. It is described not merely as the absence of physical harm but as a profound principle encompassing compassion and respect for all living beings, including plants and elements. The author contrasts the destructive nature of violence with the all-encompassing, life-affirming nature of Ahimsa, drawing parallels to the cyclical nature of violence consuming itself, as seen in the myth of Bhasmasura. The text emphasizes that Ahimsa extends to thoughts, words, and actions, and is intertwined with Aparigraha (non-possession). The concept of non-possession is explained not as poverty but as the renunciation of unnecessary material possessions and the detachment from them, which is seen as crucial for preventing greed and violence. The life of Bhagwan Mahavir is presented as a testament to the power of Ahimsa and self-control, demonstrating his ability to endure immense suffering with equanimity.

The book then explores the influence of Jain principles on prominent figures like Mahatma Gandhi. It highlights how Jain philosophy, particularly the concepts of truth, anekanta (non-absolutism), and spiritual pursuit, deeply impacted Gandhi's worldview and his philosophy of non-violent resistance. The profound connection between Gandhi and Shrimad Rajchandra, a Jain spiritual luminary, is detailed, emphasizing how Shrimad's teachings guided Gandhi's spiritual journey and his understanding of dharma.

The text further elaborates on other key Jain principles:

• Satya (truth): Emphasized as the highest principle, the very essence of divinity, and the foundation of liberation.
• Asteya (non-stealing): Extending to the renunciation of even minor transgressions, such as taking a twig without permission.
• Brahmacharya (celibacy/continence): Understood as control over sensual desires and passions, which are considered the root cause of suffering. The consequences of unbridled desire, such as diseases like AIDS and population growth, are noted.
• Aparigraha (non-possession/non-attachment): Re-emphasized as the root of all evils, including violence, falsehood, and greed. The concept of "trusteeship" as advocated by Gandhi is linked to this principle.

A significant portion of the book is dedicated to Kshama (forgiveness). The text highlights the rituals and philosophy behind Kshama, particularly during the Paryushana festival, emphasizing its role in inner purification and reconciliation. The importance of sincere repentance, the distinction between superficial and true forgiveness, and the cultivation of an empathetic mindset are discussed. The author draws parallels between the forgiving nature of the earth and the ideal of a forgiving individual, contrasting anger with the liberating power of forgiveness. The text emphasizes that true forgiveness leads to inner peace, harmony, and spiritual progress.

The book also touches upon the Jain perspective on dietary practices, linking vegetarianism and controlled eating (like Ayanbil) to Ahimsa and its impact on mental and physical well-being. The author notes the growing acceptance of fasting and vegetarianism in the West, highlighting their health benefits.

Furthermore, the text underscores the Jain emphasis on Anuyoga (the study of scriptures), Dhyana (meditation), and Samayik (equanimity), presenting them as valuable tools for modern individuals dealing with mental and physical ailments. The concept of Anantaranugama (a continuous chain of actions and their consequences) and the importance of Pratikraman (repentance) are discussed.

The author emphasizes the Jain principle of Anekanta (non-absolutism or multi-faceted reality) as a crucial antidote to the divisive ideologies and conflicts plaguing the world. Anekanta advocates for understanding issues from multiple perspectives, fostering tolerance, and promoting dialogue and coexistence. This principle is presented as a profound contribution to achieving global peace and understanding. The book also notes the Jain reverence for Nari Prathistha (respect for women) and their equal rights to knowledge and liberation, citing examples from Jain history.

In conclusion, "Vartaman Samayma Jain Tattva Darshanni Prastutata" argues that Jain philosophy, with its profound emphasis on Ahimsa, Kshama, Satya, Aparigraha, and Anekanta, offers a vital framework for navigating the complex challenges of the present era. The book calls for the active integration of these timeless principles into daily life, advocating for a shift from passive adherence to an active embrace of Jain values for the well-being of individuals, society, and the planet. It suggests that by embracing these teachings, humanity can move towards a future of peace, harmony, and sustainable coexistence.