Vartaman Kale Shraddhalu Jainonu Karttavya - Book Summary

Here's a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Vartaman Kale Shraddhalu Jainonu Karttavya" (The Duty of Devout Jains in the Present Era), based on the provided pages:

Overall Theme:

The book is a compilation of a discourse by Muni Shrimad Kanakvijayji Maharaj, delivered on India's Independence Day (August 15, 1947). The central theme is to guide the Jain community on their duties and responsibilities in the new era of independence, particularly in the face of emerging political and social challenges that could potentially impact their religious freedom and practices. The discourse emphasizes the importance of vigilance, unity, and adherence to Jain principles in safeguarding their faith and institutions.

Key Issues and Concerns Raised:

The discourse addresses several critical issues concerning the Jain community:

Independence and its Implications: While acknowledging the joy of India's independence, the Muni stresses that true freedom for Jains lies in the government's respect for their religious practices, rituals, and the sanctity of their places of worship. He warns that political freedom might not necessarily translate to religious freedom if the new government encroaches upon their religious affairs.
Interference in Religious Affairs:
- Shri Kesariyaji Tirth: A significant portion of the text details the historical and ongoing dispute over the administration, ownership, and rights related to the sacred Jain pilgrimage site of Shri Kesariyaji Tirth. The Muni criticizes the Udaipur Maharanas' decisions, especially the recent gazette notification which, influenced by Kanhaiyalal Munshi (a supporter of the Digambara sect and an advisor to the Udaipur State), allegedly aimed to undermine the Shvetambara sect's rights. The decision to use the Tirth's treasury for a "Pratap Vishwavidyalaya" is strongly condemned as a misuse of religious property.
- Harijan Temple Entry Bill: The text expresses strong opposition to the proposed Bombay Congress government's "Harijan Temple Entry Bill." The Muni argues that forcing the entry of "Harijans" (referring to lower castes) into Jain temples is an undue interference in their religious autonomy. He emphasizes that while Jainism advocates universal compassion, forcing entry against the will of the community or the established practices of a religious institution is an abuse of power and an infringement on religious freedom.
Critique of Political Leaders and Ideals:
- Gandhi's Philosophy: The Muni critically examines Mahatma Gandhi's views on animal welfare and non-violence. He questions the consistency of Gandhi's stance, pointing out instances where Gandhi seemed to permit the killing of animals for crop protection or economic reasons, contradicting the core Jain principle of ahimsa (non-violence). He also contrasts Gandhi's views with the strict adherence to ahimsa advocated in Jain scriptures.
- Political Interference in Religion: The discourse criticizes the tendency of political leaders to mix religion and politics, using religious terminology for political gain. It highlights the contradiction where leaders preach non-violence but seem to support actions that harm animals or infringe upon religious sentiments.
Internal Community Issues:
- Disunity and Division: The Muni laments the internal divisions, rivalries, and lack of unity within the Jain community. He warns that such discord makes the community vulnerable to external interference and exploitation.
- Misinterpretation of Scriptures: He condemns the practice of some "reformers" who misinterpret or selectively use Jain scriptures to justify their own agendas, particularly regarding issues like temple entry and the use of religious funds.
- Neglect of Dharma: The discourse criticizes those who, while identifying as Jain, do not actively practice their faith or visit religious places, yet are quick to offer opinions on religious matters.
Call to Action for Jains:
- Vigilance and Awareness: Jains are urged to be vigilant and aware of the political and social changes happening around them.
- Unity and Strength: The need for unity, solidarity, and strength within the community is paramount to resist external pressures and protect their religious heritage.
- Adherence to Principles: Jains are encouraged to remain firm in their faith, uphold Jain principles of ahimsa, restraint, and detachment, and not to be swayed by external influences that contradict their core beliefs.
- Active Opposition: The community is called upon to actively oppose policies that infringe upon their religious freedom, including the Kesariyaji Tirth issue and the Harijan Temple Entry Bill.
- Protecting Religious Property: The importance of safeguarding Jain religious properties and treasuries from misuse and misappropriation is emphasized.
- Maintaining Dharma: The ultimate duty is to protect and promote the Jain Dharma for the welfare of themselves and future generations.

Key Resolutions Passed:

The discourse culminates in the passing of three resolutions by the assembly:

Shri Kesariyaji Tirth: Declaring that the administration, ownership, and rights of Shri Kesariyaji Tirth belong to the Shvetambara Jains and demanding the Udaipur State to revoke recent decisions that undermine these rights, including the use of Tirth funds for the "Pratap Vishwavidyalaya."
Harijan Temple Entry Bill: Expressing strong opposition to the Bombay government's bill and urging its withdrawal due to potential harm to public peace, brotherhood, temple administration, and individual freedom.
Closure of Slaughterhouses: Urging the national government to immediately close all slaughterhouses established by the foreign government and to protect innocent animals, particularly cows. The resolution also calls for the observance of a day of non-violence annually.

Conclusion:

The text serves as a powerful call to the Jain community to be proactive, united, and steadfast in their religious convictions during a critical juncture in India's history. It emphasizes that true independence for Jains means safeguarding their religious identity and institutions from political interference and upholding the timeless principles of their faith.