Vachandutam Uttarardha

Here's a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Vachandutam Uttarardha" by Mulchand Shastri, based on the provided pages:

Book Title: Vachandutam Uttarardha (वचनदूतम् उत्तरार्ध) Author: Pandit Mulchand Shastri, Shri Mahavirji (Rajasthan) Publisher: Prabandh Karini Committee, Shri Mahavirji Catalog Link: https://jainqq.org/explore/090527/1

This text, "Vachandutam Uttarardha" (The Messenger of Words, Second Part), is a Sanskrit poetic work attributed to Pandit Mulchand Shastri. It is published as the 22nd work by the Prabandh Karini Committee of the Digambar Jain Atishay Kshetra Shri Mahavirji in Rajasthan. The work is a continuation of a previous part (Purvardha) which was also praised by scholars.

Foreword and Publisher's Note (Pages 2-3): The publisher expresses pleasure in presenting this work to the readers. They highlight Pandit Mulchand Shastri as a renowned Sanskrit scholar with a keen interest in composing Sanskrit poetry. Shastriji was honored by Shri Mahavir Kshetra earlier and also by Rajasthan Sanskrit Sahitya Sansthan in the same year of publication (likely 1981, based on mentions).

The publishing committee has a significant history of releasing Jain literature, with previous publications including bibliographies of Jain manuscripts in Rajasthan, biographies of Jain saints, works on prominent figures like Mahakavi Daulatram Kasliwal, and biographical accounts of figures like Ginpat and Pradyumna. They are actively engaged in promoting Sanskrit literature and have other works in progress, such as "Yoganushilan."

The committee's activities extend beyond hospitality for pilgrims; they are involved in various welfare activities, including religious, literary, educational, and medical support. Their commitment to uncovering, publishing, and creating new Jain literature is emphasized.

The preface to this work is written by Dr. Ramchandra Dwivedi, Professor and Director of the Jain Anushilan Kendra, Rajasthan University, Jaipur, who is thanked for his contribution. Pandit Anupchand Nyaytirtha is also acknowledged for his diligent work in proofreading.

Author's Statement (Pages 4-5): Pandit Mulchand Shastri expresses immense joy in presenting the "Uttarardha Vachandutam." He states that since ending his student life in 1926, while earning a livelihood, he has always remained dedicated to serving Saraswati (the goddess of learning). He sees this work as a result of that dedication.

The poem focuses on Rajul's father and her friends expressing their love and intentions to Nemi. Shastriji mentions that he has already elaborated on the creation of "Vachandutam" in the foreword of the first part. He notes that this "Uttarardha" complements Kalidasa's "Meghdoot" in its aspiration. He humbly requests forgiveness for any errors and invites corrections.

He clarifies that this is his independent creation, and the Marathi and Shatak meters used in Hindi are his own, intended to clarify the meaning of the verses. He expresses gratitude to the committee members, including President Shri Anandji Sindhu and Secretary Shri Kapoorchand Patni, for enabling the publication and to Dr. Kasturchand Kasliwal and Pandit Dhanrupchand for their proofreading assistance.

Preface by Dr. Ramchandra Dwivedi (Pages 6-9): Dr. Dwivedi highlights Pandit Mulchand Shastri's profound scholarship and ability to create both "harsh" (analytical) and "sukumar" (delicate) literature. Despite being 70 years old and suffering from prostate gland issues, Shastriji undertook this composition.

He praises the perseverance of Sanskrit scholars who continue their devotion to Saraswati despite facing financial hardships. He emphasizes that Shastriji's poetry stems from his inner convictions and spiritual grounding, aiming for timelessness rather than conforming to fleeting literary trends. The preface notes that the poem captures the radiant and inspiring human aspects of the narrative.

A significant point highlighted is the poet's gratitude towards his wife, Manava, whose service enabled him to write the poetry. This is seen as a symbolic acknowledgment of the role of a wife in a scholar's creative process, drawing a parallel to the supportive wives of ancient poets.

The preface discusses Rajul's renunciation and Nemi's spiritual path, contrasting it with the poet's invocation of creating a "heaven in the home." Shastriji's personal struggle with illness is mentioned, quoting his philosophical acceptance of fate and his prayer for strength to endure his trials.

The essay then delves into the tradition of "Sandesh Kavya" (message poetry) in Sanskrit literature, tracing its lineage from Kalidasa's "Meghdoot." It notes how "Meghdoot" not only describes nature but also conveys cultural and historical insights, bridging North and South India. The influence of "Meghdoot" on subsequent poets in various Indian languages is discussed, citing examples like Maru Sandesh and Gandha Doot.

The contribution of Jain poets to this tradition is specifically mentioned, with poet Jinasen's "Parshwabhyudaya" being cited as an example of using "Meghdoot's" verses to narrate the life of Parshvanatha, transitioning from worldly themes to spiritual guidance. The "Nemi Doot" tradition is seen as a continuation of this.

"Vachandutam" is presented as a poetic expression of Rajul's emotions, desires, and despair after Nemi's renunciation. The Uttarardha focuses on the pleas made by Rajul's family and friends to Nemi. The poem beautifully portrays the sorrow of a young woman facing disappointment on her wedding day. It highlights Rajul's innate affection for her future husband, even amidst her spiritual calling. The poet's endeavor to guide Rajul's passion towards renunciation, culminating in peace, is praised as a significant aspect of the work.

The preface concludes by acknowledging the challenge of composing within a "Samasyapurti" (verse completion) framework, which requires both talent and learning. Shastriji's masterful use of evocative language is lauded, and the inclusion of Hindi translations enhances the accessibility of the work.

Content of the Uttarardha (Pages 11-107): The Uttarardha consists of verses (1-66) that depict the desperate pleas of Rajul's family and friends to Lord Neminath, who has renounced the world. These verses convey:

• Grief and Despair: Rajul's family (father, mother, and friends) are deeply distressed by her sorrow and state of mind after Nemi's departure. They describe her sleeplessness, pallor, and constant worry.
• Appeals to Nemi: They implore Nemi to return, highlighting the unsuitability of his current environment (mountainous, full of wild animals, devoid of civilized people) for his ascetic practices and the potential for ridicule from local tribes.
• Criticism of Nemi's Actions: They question why he did not express his intentions earlier, thus avoiding the current predicament. They also suggest that his actions (abandoning Rajul) are not commendable and invite criticism in the world.
• Focus on Rajul's Suffering: The verses detail Rajul's emotional turmoil, her longing for Nemi, her inability to eat or sleep, her neglect of personal adornment, and her melancholic state.
• Traditional Sandesh Kavya Elements: The poetry employs themes and imagery typical of "Sandesh Kavya," with messengers (friends and family) conveying messages and emotions.
• Philosophical and Ethical Discussions: The text touches upon the nature of attachment, renunciation, the role of fate, the principles of conduct for ascetics, and the social implications of actions.
• Rajul's Steadfast Devotion: Despite her family's pleas and the harsh realities of her situation, Rajul remains steadfast in her devotion to Nemi, even expressing her desire to follow him into asceticism.
• Nemi's Unwavering Resolve: Throughout these appeals, Nemi remains silent and absorbed in his meditation, indicating his unwavering commitment to his spiritual path.
• Family's Acceptance and Farewell: Eventually, Rajul's family and friends, realizing Nemi's resolve, accept her decision to follow him and offer their blessings and support for her spiritual journey. They also acknowledge the merits of Nemi's path and his unwavering commitment.
• Poet's Reflections: The poet concludes with reflections on his own life, his gurus, his literary journey, and his physical ailments, expressing gratitude and hope for his work.

Overall Theme: "Vachandutam Uttarardha" is a poignant exploration of love, renunciation, societal expectations, and unwavering spiritual devotion within the Jain context. It highlights the emotional depth of human relationships and the profound commitment of ascetics to their chosen path, even when faced with the pleas of loved ones. The poem beautifully illustrates the Jain ideal of detachment and the pursuit of liberation.