Upasana

Here's a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Upasana" by Bechardas Doshi, based on the provided PDF excerpts:

The text "Upasana" by Bechardas Doshi explores the concept of devotion and worship, primarily in the context of Jainism, but drawing parallels with other forms of dedication. It emphasizes that true "Upasana" (devotion or worship) is not merely a ritualistic or external act, but a deep engagement that involves the mind, body, and spirit, leading to tangible results.

Core Definition of Upasana: The word "Upasana" is broken down from "Up" (near) and "Asana" (to sit). Therefore, it signifies a practice where one "sits near" or stays close to something for an extended period. This act of staying close, when performed sincerely and with understanding, yields results.

Types of Upasana: The text identifies several forms of Upasana:

• Vidyupasana (Worship of Knowledge): This involves diligent study and a genuine desire to learn. Merely attending school or possessing books is insufficient. True Vidyupasana requires a focused mind, respect for teachers, and a deep understanding of the subject matter. A student who practices this with concentration and contemplation becomes an expert, gains respect, and ultimately financial prosperity.
• Dhanopasana (Worship of Wealth): Similar to the worship of knowledge, this involves not just seeking wealth but understanding the principles behind it. Success in acquiring wealth comes from qualities like simplicity, humility, amiability, sweet speech, cooperation, helpfulness, resilience, hard work, courage, perseverance, alertness, comparative observation of businesses, strategic planning, and control over desires and discouragement.
• Dharmopasana (Worship of Dharma/Righteousness) and Ishwaropasana (Worship of God): These are discussed in detail, particularly in the context of idol worship and devotion to various deities.

The Importance of Mind and Body Integration: A recurring theme is the absolute necessity of the unity of mind and body for any Upasana to be successful. If the mind is not focused and the body does not act in accordance with the mind's intentions, then Upasana for a master, knowledge, or wealth will be largely ineffective. The same applies to religious and divine worship.

Critique of Superficial Worship: The text critiques a common approach to religious worship where people follow traditions without understanding their purpose or their own intentions. This kind of "blind worship" is seen as merely going through the motions, lacking inspiration, and failing to bring about any real change in life. Such aimless worship can even lead to negative consequences, wastage of life, or foster atheism.

The Purpose of Deities and Idols (Saguṇopasana): The author acknowledges the existence of many deities and forms of worship (e.g., Hanuman, Mahadev, Rama, Krishna, Buddha). While not deeming these forms incorrect, the text highlights a crucial point:

• Understanding the Purpose: Devotees should clearly understand their purpose in worshipping a particular deity, just as they would for knowledge or wealth.
• The Challenge of the Formless God: For those who believe in a formless, all-pervading God, worshipping such an entity directly is difficult for the ordinary mind.
• The Role of Acharyas: Experienced wise Acharyas (spiritual teachers) have created symbolic representations (sparks or "sphulinga") of the formless God, naming them (like Rama, Krishna) and presenting human-like life stories. This makes the worship of the formless God accessible to those with a less analytical mind.
• Devotion to Form: The text explains that forms like human-like deities (saguṇopasana) and their idols simplify the path to worshipping the formless God for the common person.
• Historical and Symbolic Figures: Some worshipped figures are historical (like Rama, Krishna, Hanuman), while others may be absent (like Buddha). The worship of these figures should involve internalizing their virtues and qualities. For example, devotees of Hanuman should embody his righteousness, devotion, celibacy, and strength.

The True Outcome of Upasana: The ultimate goal of any Upasana, whether worldly or spiritual, is to see its success reflected in one's actual, present life. Just as the success of learning or acquiring wealth is evident, the success of religious devotion should also be experienced during one's lifetime.

The Stages of Upasana: The text draws an analogy with a child learning to write. Initially, a child makes random marks on a slate. This "flowing tradition" of worship is considered the first stage or preliminary step of Upasana. The critical question is how to move beyond this initial stage to achieve true, impactful devotion.

Call to Action: The author urges readers to think critically about how their chosen forms of worship can become truly successful and how this success can be experienced in their present lives. The text concludes by implying that while the existing practices might be a starting point, a deeper understanding and a more conscious effort are needed to elevate Upasana to its full potential.

In essence, "Upasana" by Bechardas Doshi is a profound discourse on the nature of sincere devotion, emphasizing the need for clear intentions, mental focus, righteous actions, and the integration of one's inner aspirations with outward practices to achieve meaningful results in all aspects of life.