Upasakdashang Sutram

This document is a Hindi translation and commentary on the Upasakadashang Sutra, a significant Jain text that describes the lives and teachings of ten ideal lay followers (Upasak) of Lord Mahavir.

Here's a breakdown of the content based on the provided pages:

Overall Purpose and Content:

• The Text: "Upasakdashang Sutram" is a Jain scripture that details the lives of ten principal lay disciples (Shravakas) of Lord Mahavir. It serves as a guide for householders on how to live a righteous and spiritually aspiring life while fulfilling their worldly duties.
• The Commentary: The bulk of the provided text is a commentary and analysis, likely in Hindi, accompanied by Sanskrit and Hindi explanations of the sutra. It aims to make the teachings accessible to a wider audience.
• The Authors/Commentators: The work is attributed to Atmaramji Maharaj as the primary commentator and Shiv Muni as the editor. Their lineage and reverence for Jain Agamas are highlighted.
• Publisher: The publisher is Aatm-Gyan-Shiv Agam Prakashan Samiti, Ludhiana, associated with the Bhagwan Mahavir Meditation and Research Center.
• Purpose of Publication: The publication committee's goal is to bring forth the complete body of work of Acharya Samrat Shri Atmaramji Maharaj, with this "Upasakadashang Sutram" being the first Agam to be published under this initiative. The aim is to make the Agamas understandable and accessible to all, both learned and unlearned.

Key Themes and Sections Identified:

1. Introduction to the Text and Authorship:

   • Pages 1-5 introduce the book and its esteemed authors and commentators, highlighting their scholarly and spiritual stature. a. Acharya Samrat Shri Atmaramji Maharaj is praised as a profound scholar and commentator of Jain Agamas. b. Acharya Samrat Shri Shiv Muni Maharaj is recognized for his dedication to publishing his predecessor's works.
   • The preface (Page 6 onwards) emphasizes the immense contribution of Acharya Atmaramji Maharaj in translating and explaining ancient Jain teachings in modern languages, making them comprehensible to the current generation.
   • The formation of the "Aatm-Gyan-Shiv Agam Prakashan Samiti" is mentioned to facilitate the publication of Acharya Atmaramji's complete works.

2. Content of the Upasakadashang Sutra:

   • Pages 7-8 explain that the Sutra describes the lives of ten ideal lay followers (Shravakas) from the time of Lord Mahavir, illustrating how they achieved spiritual heights while living a householder's life.
   • It is highlighted as essential reading for lay Jains seeking guidance on living a virtuous life.

3. The Commentary and Translation:

   • Page 9 clarifies that the commentary is comprehensive and faithful to the original text, with efforts made to correct any press-related errors from previous publications.
   • The contributors and their roles (editor, proofreader, etc.) are acknowledged.

4. Philosophical and Historical Context (Prologue):

   • Pages 13-40 constitute a detailed prologue offering historical and philosophical context. This section delves into:
     • Agamas and their Lineage: Discusses the structure of Jain Agamas, the concept of "Purva" literature predating Mahavir, and the evolution of the Anga literature.
     • Nature of Jain Knowledge (Shruta Jnana): Compares it with Vedic traditions, emphasizing the Jain perspective of knowledge originating from enlightened beings rather than being eternal or divinely revealed.
     • Flexibility and Evolution of Jain Agamas: Highlights that Jain Agamas have undergone revisions and adaptations over time, unlike the perceived immutability of Vedic texts.
     • Pramanya (Authenticity): Explains the Jain view of authenticity derived from the infallibility of the Tirthankaras and Gandharas, contrasting it with the Vedic concept of self-validity.
     • Language of the Agamas: Discusses the use of Ardhamagadhi and its subsequent translation and commentary in Sanskrit.
     • The Five Conducts (Panchachar): Introduces the core principles of Jain conduct: Gyana (Knowledge), Darshana (Perception/Faith), Charitra (Conduct), Tap (Austerity), and Virya (Effort). The teachings of Acharya Shiv Muni are presented through this framework.
     • Jain Philosophy: Touches upon concepts like 'Sw' (Self) and 'Par' (Others), the goal of achieving equality (Samata), Ahimsa (non-violence) in thought and action, and Syadvada (the doctrine of manifold aspects).
     • Karma Theory and Spiritual Development: Explains the stages of spiritual progress based on the reduction of karmic bondage and the development of spiritual virtues.
     • The Role of Lay Followers (Shravakas): Details the twelve vows (Anuvratas and Shikshavratas) undertaken by lay Jains, providing a framework for householder life.
     • Cultural Context: Mentions historical cities like Champa and Vaishali, rulers, and societal norms to place the Upasakadashang Sutra within its historical context.
     • The Ten Upasakas: The prologue mentions that the Sutra describes ten ideal lay followers. The initial chapters (pages 71-105) seem to focus on Anand, the first Upasak, detailing his immense wealth, adherence to vows, and interactions. The subsequent pages (106-177) continue this detailed exposition of Anand's life and adherence to the vows. Pages 178 onwards seem to cover other Upasakas like Kamdev, Chullashatak, Kundakolika, Suddalputra, Mahashatak, Nandiniapita, Salihipita, etc., illustrating their adherence to Jain principles and the challenges they faced.

5. The Core Teachings and Examples:

   • The lives of the ten Upasakas are presented as examples of how to live a householder's life while adhering to Jain principles.
   • The text likely elaborates on their wealth, their adherence to vows (Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya, Brahmacharya, Aparigraha), their charitable acts, their spiritual practices (like Samayika, Paushadh), and how they navigated worldly challenges while maintaining their spiritual focus.
   • The detailed descriptions of the Upasakas' lives, their virtues, their adherence to specific limitations (like in wealth, possessions, or actions), and their encounters with temptations or adversities are central to the text.

6. Structure of the Commentary:

   • The document follows a structured approach, starting with the general introduction, then moving into the specifics of the Sutra, providing philosophical context, and finally detailing the lives of the ten Upasakas with scriptural verses (Mul), commentary (Tika), and explanations (Shabdarth, Bhavarth).
   • The "Sangrah Gathas" (pages 364-368) provide a summary of the key figures, events, and teachings covered in the text.

7. The Commentary Style:

   • The commentary is detailed, aiming to explain not only the literal meaning but also the underlying philosophy and practical application of Jain principles in daily life.
   • The inclusion of Sanskrit terms and their Hindi equivalents suggests a scholarly approach.

In essence, the document presents a comprehensive exposition of the Upasakadashang Sutra, making the exemplary lives of Lord Mahavir's lay disciples accessible and understandable to the Jain community, guided by the wisdom of respected Acharyas.