Upasakdashang Sutra

The Upasakdashang Sutra, as presented by Nemichand Banthiya and Parasmal Chandaliya and published by Akhil Bharatiya Sudharm Jain Sanskruti Rakshak Sangh, is a foundational text in Jainism. This particular edition is a detailed work including the pure original text, explanations of difficult words, elaborations on the meanings, and further commentaries.

The sutra itself is the seventh Anga (limb) of the Jain Agamas. It primarily focuses on the lives and conduct of ten prominent lay disciples (Upasakas) of Lord Mahavir Swami. The text explains that although Lord Mahavir had a vast following of lay disciples (approximately 169,000), only ten exceptional individuals are detailed in this sutra due to their exemplary adherence to Jain principles and practices. The lives of these ten disciples are presented with similarities in their spiritual advancements, including their period of lay discipleship (20 years), their attainment of certain spiritual knowledge (Avadhi Gyan), their rebirth in the first heaven (Devlok) for a duration of four Palyopam, and their ultimate liberation from the cycle of birth and death in Mahavideha region.

The book highlights the virtuous qualities and exemplary conduct of these lay disciples, emphasizing their unwavering faith, strong moral character, and resilience in the face of severe adversities. The text elaborates on key incidents and lessons learned from their lives, making them role models for modern-day followers.

The introduction provides a historical and philosophical context for the Agamas, explaining their divine origin through the Tirthankaras and their compilation by Ganadharas. It also outlines various classifications of Jain scriptures, including the division into Angas, Upangas, Mula Sutras, Cheda Sutras, and their categorization based on different analytical perspectives like Charankarnanuyog, Dharmakathanuyog, Ganitanuyog, and Dravyanuyog.

The sutra's ten chapters are dedicated to the lives of ten specific lay disciples:

1. Anand: His adherence to the twelve vows of a lay disciple, his understanding of right faith (Samyaktva), and his attainment of Avadhi Gyan are highlighted. A significant event describes his encounter with Gautam Swami, where his profound spiritual realization led to a crucial discussion about truth and penance.
2. Kamdev: His devotion and steadfastness during severe divine ordeals, where he faced various terrifying forms of a celestial being, are depicted. Despite immense suffering, he remained unswayed from his path of righteousness.
3. Chulni pita: His strong determination is shown when he endures the ordeal of his sons' deaths but falters when faced with a threat to his mother, leading to a need for repentance.
4. Suradev: He faces threats of severe illness and other trials, demonstrating his spiritual fortitude.
5. Chullashatak: His trials involve financial ruin, testing his detachment from material possessions.
6. Kundkolic: His intellectual prowess and unwavering adherence to principles are showcased when he debates with a divine being on the concept of destiny versus self-effort.
7. Sakdalputra: His deep understanding of Jain philosophy and his decisive rejection of his former spiritual teacher, Goshala, are emphasized, highlighting the importance of discerning right from wrong guidance. His adherence to principles even when faced with threats to his wife is also noted.
8. Mahashatak: His spiritual journey includes speaking a truthful but unpleasant remark, leading to a lesson on the proper conduct of speech and the need for introspection and penance.
9. Nandini pita: His story likely reinforces the themes of devotion and adherence to vows.
10. Salhi pita: His life further exemplifies the virtues of a dedicated lay disciple.

The text also touches upon the concept of 'Pratimas' (stages of spiritual discipline for lay followers) and discusses the rigorous vows and practices undertaken by these disciples. It stresses the importance of discerning true spiritual paths and renouncing false ones, as exemplified by Sakdalputra's firm stance against his former guru. The sutra's emphasis on unwavering faith, commitment to vows, and spiritual resilience serves as a guide for spiritual aspirants.

The book's publication is supported by various Jain organizations and individuals, reflecting a collective effort to preserve and disseminate Jain scriptures. The introductory sections and extensive explanations aim to make this ancient text accessible and relevant to contemporary readers.