Trishashti Shalaka Purush Charitra Part 02

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Book Title: Trishashti Shalaka Purush Charitra Part 02 Author: Acharya Shri Hemchandracharya Publisher: Arihant Prakashan, Ahmedabad (with courtesy from Shri Jain Dharma Prasarak Sabha, Bhavnagar) Language: Gujarati Translation of the Sanskrit text.

Overall Scope: This text is a detailed account of the lives of the 63 illustrious figures (Shalaka Purushas) in Jain tradition. This particular volume, Part 02, covers the lives of figures from the Third Purva (Paryay) onwards. It details the biographies of Tirthankars, Chakravartis, Vasudevas, Baladevas, and Pratīvasudevas, focusing on their previous lives, birth, reign, renunciation, spiritual attainment, and eventual liberation.

Key Figures and Content Covered in the Provided Pages (Paryav 3-6):

The text is divided into ten "Parva" (sections or books). The provided pages cover parts of Paryav 3, 4, 5, and 6, detailing the lives of:

• Paryav 3 (Pages 28-71):

  • Shri Sambhavnathji: His life story, previous births (including that of King Vipulvahan), his righteousness, the severe drought in his time, his thoughts on impermanence inspired by a fleeting cloud, his renunciation, his rebirth as a god in the 9th heaven, his birth to King Jitari and Devi Senā, the auspicious signs (14 dreams), his divine birth ceremony, his naming ceremony by King Jitarī, his childhood pastimes, his marriage, his renunciation, his first alms-giving, the manifestation of the five divine signs, the attainment of omniscience, the Samavasarana (divine assembly), the arrival of the four types of congregations, his sermons, the establishment of the Ganadhara (chief disciples), his attendants (Yaksha & Yakshi), his family, his final departure to Samet Shikhar, and his Nirvana.
  • Shri Abhinandan Swami: His life story, previous births (including King Mahabal's renunciation), devotion, observance of the twenty virtues, earning Tirthankar-nama karma, his rebirth as a god in Vaijayant Vimana, his parents King Samvar and Queen Siddhartha, his birth from Devi Siddhartha's womb, the 14 dreams he saw, Indra's interpretation, his birth ceremony, his naming ceremony as Abhinandan, his physical description, his contemplation of worldly existence, the arrival of the Lokantika gods, his bestowal of the Samvatsari Dana (annual charity), his initiation, Indra's praise, his first alms-giving, the manifestation of the five divine signs, the attainment of omniscience, Indra's praise, his sermons, the establishment of the Ganadhara, his attendants (Yaksh & Yakshi), his family, his departure to Samet Shikhar, and his Nirvana.
  • Shri Sumatinathji: His life story, previous births (including King Vijaysen), his desire for a son, King's worship of the family deity, the queen's conception, the birth of the son named Purushsimha, his attainment of youth, his meeting with a Muni, his contemplative thoughts, his decision to take Diksha, his debate with his father, his acceptance of Diksha, earning Tirthankar-nama karma, his rebirth in Vaijayanta Vimana, King Meghraj and Queen Mangala's description, his descent from Vaijayanta Vimana, his birth from Devi Mangala, the dispute between two women over the child, the queen's justice, the birth of Sumatinath, the divine birth ceremony, Indra's praise, his naming as Sumatinath, his youth, his marriage, his enthronement, his taking Diksha, his first alms-giving, his attainment of omniscience, Indra's arrival, Indra's praise, his sermons, the concept of unity (Ekattva Bhavana), the establishment of Ganadhara, his attendants (Yaksh & Yakshi), his family, his departure to Samet Shikhar, and his Nirvana.
  • Shri Padmaprabh: His previous lives, King Aparajita's contemplation, earning Tirthankar-nama karma, rebirth in the 9th Graiveyak, King Dhar and Queen Seema's description, his descent from the 9th Graiveyak, his birth from Queen Seema, his birth ceremony, Indra's praise, his naming as Padmaprabh, his youth, his marriage, his enthronement, his taking Diksha, his first alms-giving, his attainment of omniscience, Indra's arrival, his sermons, the concept of worldly existence (Sansar Bhavana), detailed description of suffering in the four realms, establishment of Ganadhara, his attendants (Yaksh & Yakshi), his family, his departure to Samet Shikhar, and his Nirvana.
  • Shri Suparshvanath: His previous lives, King Nandishen's Diksha, his adherence to the twenty virtues, earning Tirthankar-nama karma, his rebirth in the 6th Graiveyak, King Pratishtha and Queen Prithvi's description, his descent from the 6th Graiveyak, his birth from Queen Prithvi, his birth ceremony, Indra's praise, his naming as Suparshva, his youth, his marriage, his enthronement, his Samvatsari Dana (annual charity), his taking Diksha, his first alms-giving, his attainment of omniscience, Indra's arrival, his sermons, the concept of otherness (Anyatva Bhavana), establishment of Ganadhara, his attendants (Yaksh & Yakshi), his family, his departure to Samet Shikhar, and his Nirvana.
  • Shri Chandraprabh: His previous lives, King Padma's Diksha, adherence to the twenty virtues, earning Tirthankar-nama karma, his rebirth in Vaijayant Vimana, King Mahasen and Queen Lakshman's description, his descent from Vaijayant Vimana, his birth from Queen Lakshman, his birth ceremony, Indra's praise, his naming as Chandraprabh, his youth, his marriage, his enthronement, his taking Diksha, his first alms-giving, his attainment of omniscience, Indra's arrival, his sermons, the concept of impurity (Ashuchi Bhavana), establishment of Ganadhara, his attendants (Yaksh & Yakshi), his family, his departure to Samet Shikhar, and his Nirvana.
  • Shri Suvidhinath: His previous lives, King Mahapadma's Diksha, adherence to the twenty virtues, earning Tirthankar-nama karma, his rebirth in Vaijayant Vimana, King Sugriva and Queen Ramarani's description, his descent from Vaijayant Vimana, his birth from Devi Rama, his birth ceremony, Indra's praise, his naming as Suvidhi and Pushpadanta, his youth, his marriage, his enthronement, his first alms-giving, his attainment of omniscience, Indra's arrival, his sermons, the concept of influx (Ashrava Bhavana), the causes of binding eight types of karma, establishment of Ganadhara, his attendants (Yaksh & Yakshi), his family, his departure to Samet Shikhar, his Nirvana, the destruction of the Tirth (religious order), the increase of false beliefs, and so on.
  • Shri Shitalnath: His previous lives, King Paddhotar's Diksha, adherence to the twenty virtues, earning Tirthankar-nama karma, his rebirth in the 10th Devalok, King Dhradh and Queen Nandara's description, his descent from the 10th Devalok, his birth from Devi Nanda, his birth ceremony, Indra's praise, his naming as Shitalnath, his youth, his marriage, his enthronement, the arrival of Lokantika devas, his taking renunciation, his first alms-giving, his attainment of omniscience, Indra's arrival, his sermons, the concept of stopping influx (Samvara Bhavana), the types of Samvara, establishment of Ganadhara, his attendants (Yaksh & Yakshi), his family, his departure to Samet Shikhar, and his Nirvana.

• Paryav 4 (Pages 72-108):

  • Shri Shreyansanath: His previous lives, King Nalinagum's Diksha, adherence to the twenty virtues, earning Tirthankar-nama karma, rebirth in a Devaloka, description of Simhapura city, King Vishnuraja and Queen Vishnudevi, his descent from the 7th Devalok, his birth from Queen Vishnurani, the 14 dreams she saw, Indra's interpretation, his birth, the birth ceremony performed by Disha Kumaris and Indra, his naming as Shreyans, his youth, his marriage, his enthronement, his taking Diksha, his first alms-giving, the previous lives of Achal Baldev (rebirth in Anuttara Vimana), the previous life of Trivishta Vasudeva (Vishvabhuti Kumar's park activities, Vishakhanandi's jealousy, Vishvabhuti's renunciation, their gathering in Mathura, Vishakhanandi's mockery, Vishvabhuti's niyana, rebirth as a god in the 7th Devalok), the descent of Achal Baldev's soul from Anuttara Vimana, his birth in Queen Bhadra's womb, the four dreams she saw, the birth of the son named Achal, the second pregnancy of Mrigavati, her description, King Ripupratishatra's love for her, her establishment in the inner palace, her Gandharva marriage, the name Prajapati given by the people, Bhadra Devi's shame, her departure to the southern country, Achal's return after leaving his mother, Vishvabhuti's soul descending from the 7th Devaloka, his birth in Queen Mrigavati's womb, the seven dreams she saw, the birth of Trivishta Vasudeva, Achal Kumar's friendship with Trivishta, their games, the birth of Adhigriva Pratīvasudeva in Ratnapur city, his conquest of three regions, his worry about death, his question to the Nimittika, the Nimittika's indication of his killer, Adhigriva's question in the assembly, Chandavega Duta's arrival, his entrance into Prajapati Raja's assembly, his disturbance of the event, Trivishta Kumar's anger towards him, Chandavega's departure, Trivishta's extreme insult to him, King Prajapati's realization, his regret, Chandavega's welcome back and honor, Chandavega's departure to Ashvagrava, Ashvagrava's prior knowledge, Chandavega's justification of Prajapati Raja, the battle preparation, Ashvagrava's ill omens, his departure for battle, his halt near Rathavarta mountain, Trivishta and Achal Kumar's spiritual practice, their departure for battle, their arrival near Rathavarta mountain, Trivishta's vanguard defeating Hayagriva's army, the Maya shown by Hayagriva's Vidyadharas, Trivishta's army becoming disheartened, Jvalanjati's encouragement to Trivishta, Achal's journey to the battlefield, their acquisition of divine weapons, Ashvagrava's contempt for his soldiers, Ashvagrava's arrival on the battlefield, Trivishta facing Ashvagrava, their argument, Trivishta and Ashvagrava's decision to fight, their battle, their exchange of weapons, Ashvagrava's weapons becoming ineffective, his use of the Chakra, Trivishta being struck by the Chakra and losing consciousness, Trivishta regaining consciousness, his seizing the Chakra, his throwing the Chakra at Ashvagrava, Ashvagrava's beheading, Trivishta becoming the first Vasudeva, his digvijaya, lifting Koti Shila, entering Pitanpur, his consecration as Ardha Chakri.
  • Shri Vasupujya: His previous lives, King Pavorottara's Diksha, adherence to the twenty virtues, earning Tirthankar-nama karma, rebirth in the 10th Devalok, description of Champanagari, King Vasupujya and Queen Jayarani, his descent from the 10th Devalok, his birth from Devi Jayā, the birth ceremony performed by Indras, Indra's praise, his naming as Vasupujya, his childhood pastimes, his youth, his parents' request for marriage, the Lord's refusal, the arrival of Lokantika devas, his initiation ceremony, description of the park, his taking renunciation, his first alms-giving, the previous lives of Baldev (taking Diksha, rebirth in Anuttara Vimana), the previous lives of Vasudeva (King Vindhyashakti sending a messenger to King Parvat, description of the dancer Gunamanjari, King Parvat's refusal, Vindhyashakti's departure for battle, their battle, Parvat Raja's defeat, his flight, Gunamanjari's abduction by Vindhyashakti, Vindhyashakti's repentance for his actions, his rebirth in the 7th Naraka, the soul of Vindhyashakti becoming a Vidyadhar named Meghnad after some births, his arrival on Meru Parvat, meeting with Amittej, Amittej's enlightenment of Meghnad, Meghnad's Diksha, the challenges posed by his enemies, his perseverance, his rebirth as an Indra in the 12th Devalok.
  • Shri Vimalnath: His previous lives, King Padmasena's Diksha, adherence to the twenty virtues, earning Tirthankar-nama karma, his rebirth in the 8th Devalok, description of Kampilya city, King Katavarma and Queen Shyama, his descent from the 8th Devalok, his birth from Queen Shyama, the fourteen dreams she saw, his birth, the birth ceremony performed by devas, Indra's praise, his naming as Vimalnath, his youth, his marriage, his enthronement, his receiving the seventh Chakravarti status, the arrival of Lokantika devas, his taking renunciation, his first alms-giving, his attainment of omniscience, Indra's arrival, Indra's praise, his sermons, the concept of conquering anger and hatred (Raga-Dvesha), establishment of Ganadhara, his attendants (Yaksh & Yakshi), his departure to Samet Shikhar, his Nirvana, and his lifespan.
  • Shri Anantnath: His previous lives, King Padatha's Diksha, adherence to the twenty virtues, earning Tirthankar-nama karma, rebirth in the 10th Devalok, description of Ayodhya city, King Simhasena and Queen Suyasha, his descent from the 10th Devalok, his birth from Queen Suyasha, his birth ceremony performed by Indras, Indra's praise, his naming as Anantjit, his youth, his marriage, his enthronement, his taking Diksha, his first alms-giving, the previous lives of Baldev (taking Diksha, becoming a god in the 8th Devalok), the previous lives of Vasudeva (King Samudradatta and Queen Nanda, King Chandashasana's arrival, Nandā Rani's elopement, Samudradatta's renunciation, Chandashasana's vow to kill him, his rebirth in the 8th Devalok), Chandashasana's transmigration and becoming Pratīvasudeva named Madhu in Pṛthvipura, Madhu's brother Kaitabha, King Soma of Dwarka and his queens Sudarshana and Sita, the birth of Baldev and Vasudeva as his sons, their naming as Suprabha and Purushottama, their great affection, the gods' offering of weapons, Narada's visit to King Madhu, Narada's instigation of conflict, the sending of a messenger to King Soma, Soma's request for kingly items, Purushottama Vasudeva's insult to the messenger, Madhu's anger, his departure for battle, King Soma's departure with his sons, the mutual battle, Madhu's army's defeat, Madhu's rise to fight, Purushottama facing Madhu, their battle, Madhu's use of Chakra, Vasudeva's loss of consciousness, Vasudeva regaining consciousness, Vasudeva seizing the Chakra, throwing it at Madhu, Madhu's beheading, Purushottama becoming the third Vasudeva, his digvijaya, lifting Koti Shila, his coronation in Dwarka.
  • Shri Dharmnath: His previous lives, King Sharath's Diksha, adherence to the twenty virtues, earning Tirthankar-nama karma, rebirth in Vaijayant Vimana, description of Ratnapur city, King Bhanuraja and Queen Suvrata, his descent from Vaijayant Vimana, his birth from Queen Suvrata, his birth ceremony, Indra's praise, his naming as Dharmnatha, his youth, his marriage, his enthronement, his thought of renunciation, his departure to the park, his taking Diksha, his first alms-giving, the previous lives of Baldev (taking Diksha, rebirth in the 8th Devalok), the previous lives of Vasudeva (Kings Vikata and Rajsimha, Vikata's defeat by Rajsimha, Vikata's Diksha, Rajsimha's vow to kill Vikata, rebirth in the 2nd Devalok), Rajsimha's transmigration and becoming Pratīvasudeva named Nishumbha in Haripura, King Shiva of Ashvapura and his queen Vijayā and Ambikā, the descent of Baldev's soul from the 8th Devalok, his birth in Queen Vijayā's womb, the birth of the son named Suprabha, the descent of Vasudeva's soul from the 2nd Devalok, his birth in Queen Ambikā's womb, the birth of the son named Purushasimha, their great affection, the king of Sīmāḍā's demand for divine weapons, his insult, Madhu Raja's anger, his departure for battle, King Soma's departure with his sons, the mutual battle, Madhu's army's defeat, Madhu's rise to fight, Purushasimha facing Madhu, their battle, Madhu's use of Chakra, Vasudeva's loss of consciousness, Vasudeva regaining consciousness, Vasudeva seizing the Chakra, throwing it at Madhu, Madhu's beheading, Purushasimha becoming the fifth Vasudeva, his digvijaya, his consecration as Ardha Chakri.
  • Shri Madhvā (Chakravarti Maghavā): His previous lives, King Narapati's Diksha, rebirth in the 3rd Sayayaka, description of Shravasti city, King Samudravijaya and Queen Bhadra, his descent from Sayayaka, his birth in Devi Bhadra's womb, the fourteen dreams she saw, the birth of the son named Maghavā, his youth, his enthronement, the acquisition of the fourteen jewels, his digvijaya of six continents, his return to Shravasti, his consecration as Chakravarti, his adherence to the path of a lay follower and monk, his rebirth in the 3rd Devalok.
  • Shri Sanatkumār (Chakravarti): His previous lives, King Vikramasya's Diksha, his rebirth in the middle Graiveyak, description of Ratnapur city, King Stimit Sagar and Queen Vasundhara and Anuhara, his descent from Graiveyak, his birth in Devi Bhadra's womb, the fourteen dreams she saw, the birth of the son named Sanatkumar, his youth, his marriage with Bhanuvega's eight daughters, his victory over the two Vidyadharas, his death, his rebirth as Vidyadhipati, his marriage with Vasundhara, his father Ajinkya's death, his departure from the park, his meeting with Sunanda, his marriage with Sunanda, his victory over Vajravega's death, Vajravega's death, his consecration as Vidyadhara-adhipati, his marriage with Chandavega's ten daughters, his arrival in Hastinapur for play, his meeting with Mahendra Simha in the forest, Ashvasena's return, Mahendra Simha's story about his father, his meeting with Sunanda, his marriage with Sunanda, his marriage with Vyandhavali, his meeting with Chandavega, Vajravega's death, his consecration as Vidyadhara-adhipati, his marriage with Chandavega's 100 daughters, his arrival in Hastinapur for play, his meeting with Mahendra Simha, Mahendra Simha's story about his father, his mother and father's meeting, King Ashvasena giving the kingdom to Sanatkumar, his rule over Bharatakshetra, his arrival in Hastinapur, his consecration as Chakravarti by Saudharmendra.
  • Shri Shāntināth: His first birth, description of King Shreena and Queen Abhinandita and Shikhandinita, his two sons Dushen and Bindusen, Kapila Brahmin's son, his clandestine Vedic studies, his departure abroad, his residence at Satyakī's place, his marriage to Satyabhama at the instigation of Jambuka, his growing honor, his visit to a play, his return naked due to night and rain, Satyabhama's delusion about his lineage, her waning affection, Dharanijat's becoming destitute, Kapila's arrival, his separate meals, Satyabhama's increased suspicion, her question to Dharanijat, his explanation, Satyabhama's visit to King Shreena, her insistence on abandoning an impure husband, the king's advice, Satyabhama's remaining in the royal palace, the arrival of Indusha, the daughter of the king, for the Swayamvara, the arrival of the dancer Anantamatika with her, Indusha and Bindushena's infatuation with her, their battle, the king's inability to stop them, their death by poison, their rebirth as a Yugalika in Uttara Kuru, Indusha and Bindushena's rebirth as brothers, Anantamatika's rebirth as Trivishta Vasudeva's son Shri Vijay, Shikhandini's rebirth as his sister Jyotishprabha, Kapila's soul becoming the Vidyadhara Ashniveg, Sutara's marriage with Shri Vijay and Amittej's with Jyotishprabha, Ashniveg's renunciation, Amittej becoming king, Shri Vijay becoming king in Hastinapur, Amittej's arrival in Pōtanpur, his questioning Shri Vijay about the festival, his revelation of his previous birth story, Shri Vijay's acceptance of the Vidyadhara's proposal, his marriage to Sutara, Ashniveg's pursuit, his attack on Sutara, the Vidyadhara's saving Sutara, Ashniveg's anger, his army's attack, Amittej's arrival with Mahajwala Vidya, Ashniveg's defeat, his fleeing, Amittej's victory, his return to Pōtanpur, his marriage to Kanakashri, the decision to go to Shabha city, Amittej's announcement, Kanakashri's acceptance of the marriage, the arrival of Chandaveg, his battle with Amittej, Amittej's victory, the birth of Vasudeva, his digvijaya, lifting Koti Shila, his coronation in Pitanpur, Shri Shantinath's spiritual wandering, his attainment of Kevaljnana, the establishment of Ganadhara, his attendants (Yaksh & Yakshini), his arrival in Dwarka, his Samavasarana, the arrival of the Parshada, Vasudeva's visit to him, Indra's praise, his sermons, the concept of conquering the internal enemy (kashaya), the establishment of Ganadhara, his attendants (Yaksh & Yakshi), his departure to Samet Shikhar, and his Nirvana.

Themes and Significance: The text emphasizes:

• Karma: The principle of karma and its consequences are illustrated through the transmigration and rebirths of these figures.
• Devotion and Renunciation: The lives of these personalities showcase the path of devotion towards the Tirthankaras and the ultimate renunciation of worldly attachments for spiritual liberation.
• Virtue and Righteousness: The text highlights the importance of virtues like non-violence, truthfulness, celibacy, penance, forgiveness, humility, simplicity, detachment, knowledge, wisdom, and righteous conduct.
• The Power of Devotion: The stories demonstrate how devotion and righteous actions, even in previous lives, can lead to significant spiritual and worldly achievements.
• The Nature of Reality: The sermons of the Tirthankaras, as presented, often delve into the transient nature of worldly existence, the cycle of birth and death, and the path to liberation.
• Excellence of Jain Principles: The text aims to inspire readers by showcasing the exemplary lives of the Shalaka Purushas, emphasizing the practicality and profoundness of Jain teachings.

Authoritative and Scholarly Work: The preface highlights that Acharya Hemchandracharya, known as Kalikalsarvajna (the omniscient of this era), authored this extensive work at the request of King Kumarpal. The author's vast intellect, extensive memory, and analytical prowess are evident in the detailed and poetically rich narratives. The text is praised for its poetic qualities and narrative skill, even acknowledged by Western scholars.

Structure: The Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Charitra is divided into ten Parvas, each detailing the lives of specific groups of these 63 great souls. This volume covers several Tirthankaras, Chakravartis, and their counterparts, providing a glimpse into their celestial and earthly existences. The text is rich in descriptions of battles, kingdoms, celestial realms, spiritual practices, and philosophical teachings embedded within the narratives.

This summary provides a broad overview of the content you've shared, focusing on the key figures and recurring themes within the Jain tradition as depicted in this section of the "Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Charitra."