Tiloypannatti Part 1

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Book Title: Tiloypannatti (Triloka Prajnapti) Author: Yativrishabhacharya Commentary: Aryaika 105 Shri Vishuddhamati Mataji Editor: Dr. Chetanprakash Patni Publisher: Shri Bharat Varshiya Digambar Jain Mahasabha Publication Year: 1984 (Vir Nirvana Samvat 2510, Vikram Samvat 2040)

Overall Scope:

• "Tiloypannatti" is an ancient Prakrit text belonging to the Karananuyoga (theological mathematics and cosmology) of Jain literature.
• It primarily describes the nature of the three lokas (worlds) within Jain cosmology.
• The text is considered a fundamental source for later works like "Rajavartika," "Harivamsha Purana," "Trilokasara," "Jambudvipa Prajnapti," and "Siddhanta Sara Dipaka."
• This specific edition, published by the Digambar Jain Mahasabha, is a first-time compilation based on ancient Kannada manuscripts, with a detailed Hindi commentary and explanations.
• The entire "Tiloypannatti" is planned to be published in three parts, with this volume (Part 1) containing the first three Mahadhikaras (major chapters).

Key Features of this Edition:

• Comprehensive Commentary: Aryaika Shri Vishuddhamati Mataji, a scholar of deep spiritual insight, has provided a detailed Hindi commentary. Her commentary is noted for clarifying mathematical references and enriching the text with diagrams, explanations of concepts, and deeper spiritual insights.
• Scholarly Editing: Dr. Chetanprakash Patni has meticulously edited the text, drawing upon numerous ancient manuscripts, including Kannada ones, to ensure accuracy and provide comprehensive introductory material.
• Inclusion of Diagrams and Tables: The edition is adorned with numerous illustrations and tables, especially in the mathematical sections, making the complex cosmological and mathematical concepts more accessible and understandable.
• Restoration of Missing Content: This edition addresses some ambiguities found in earlier publications, particularly regarding mathematical references, by referring to multiple ancient manuscripts. It also includes newly discovered verses that were missing in previous editions, enhancing the completeness of the text.
• Publisher's Commitment: The Shri Bharat Varshiya Digambar Jain Mahasabha has taken responsibility for the publication, recognizing the profound historical and religious significance of this work.

Structure and Content of Part 1 (First Three Mahadhikaras):

1. Introduction (Purvavak/Shadakari):

• The book begins with blessings to Lord Vitaraga and the author.
• Mangal (Auspiciousness): The text emphasizes the importance of auspicious beginnings, explaining the concept of mangal in terms of name, establishment, substance, place, time, and feelings. It details the various meanings and types of mangal.
• Hetu (Causality): The text discusses the concept of causality, dividing it into 'pratyaksha' (direct) and 'paroksha' (indirect) hetus. It explains how actions and their consequences are linked.
• Moksha Sukha vs. Abhyudaya Sukha: It differentiates between worldly pleasures obtained through good karma (abhyudaya sukha) and the ultimate liberation (moksha sukha), emphasizing the latter's superiority.
• Pramana (Measure): The text elaborates on the concept of measure in Jainism, discussing various units like angula, yojana, palya, and sagaropama, and their interrelationships.
• Namakaran (Naming): It explains the process of naming a text and establishes the title "Tiloypannatti" based on its content.
• Kartra (Author): It discusses the different types of authors (artha-karta and grantha-karta) and identifies Lord Mahavira and Gautam Ganadhara as the ultimate sources.
• Prakrit Language and Grammar: The commentary by Dr. Patni discusses the importance of the Prakrit language and references grammars for understanding the text.
• Source Manuscripts: The introduction meticulously describes the various handwritten manuscripts used for compilation, highlighting their origins and peculiarities.
• Mathematical Introduction: A separate essay by Prof. Laxmichandra Jain provides an overview of the mathematical principles and concepts employed in "Tiloypannatti," emphasizing its unique approach to numbers, space, and time within the Jain framework.

2. First Mahadhikara: Lok-Samanya Swarupa (General Description of the Universe)

• Panch Parmeshthi Vandana: The chapter begins with salutations to the Five Supreme Beings (Arhat, Siddha, Acharya, Upadhyaya, Sadhu).
• Description of Lokas: It details the general structure of the universe, dividing it into Adho-loka (lower world), Madhya-loka (middle world), and Urdhva-loka (upper world).
• Cosmic Dimensions and Shapes: The text explains the various shapes and dimensions of these lokas, using terms like 'vetrasana' (cane-like), 'mridanga' (drum-like), and their calculations. It delves into concepts like 'rasu' (yojana), 'vitasti' (cubit), 'hasta' (hand), 'danda' (staff), 'dhanusha' (bow), and 'kosa' (league).
• Mathematical Concepts: This section is rich in mathematical details, including:
  • Number Systems: Introduction to cardinal numbers (samkhyata), innumerable (asankhyata), and infinite (ananta).
  • Units of Measurement: Detailed explanation of various units like angula, pratarangula, ghanangula, jagat-shreni, jagat-pratar, loka, palya, and sagaropama, with their calculations and interrelationships.
  • Geometry and Volumes: Calculation of volumes for different cosmic structures like the lokakasha, various layers of the adho-loka, and the shapes representing the entire universe (e.g., rectangular, yava-muraja, mandara).
  • Arithmetic Operations: Use of concepts like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, squares, square roots, and their application in cosmological calculations.
• Vata Valayas (Wind Layers): The chapter describes the various wind layers that encircle the lokas, detailing their thicknesses and locations.
• Concluding Verses: The first Mahadhikara concludes with auspicious verses.

3. Second Mahadhikara: Naraka-Loka (The Realm of Hells)

• Description of Naraka Beings: This chapter details the characteristics of beings residing in the hellish realms.
• Narakas and Their Structure: It describes the seven hellish realms, their layers (prithivis), and within them, the various types of abodes: Indrak, Shrenibaddha, and Prakirnaka (bila/holes).
• Dimensions and Distances: It provides precise measurements for the dimensions, distances, and intervals between these abodes, using complex mathematical calculations.
• Narakayus (Lifespans): The text specifies the lifespans of beings in different hellish realms and types of abodes, often expressed in terms of sagaropamas.
• Physical Characteristics and Suffering: It vividly describes the extreme heat and cold, the poisonous nature of the environment, the terrible forms and appearances of the hellish beings, and the immense suffering they endure.
• Causes of Rebirth in Hell: The text briefly touches upon the karmic causes that lead to rebirth in these realms, such as anger, greed, delusion, and attachment to sensory pleasures.
• Mathematical Calculations: This section continues with intricate mathematical calculations related to the number of narakas, their dimensions, and the lifespans of their inhabitants. It uses concepts like arithmetic and geometric progressions.
• Figures and Tables: The commentary incorporates diagrams and tables to illustrate the layered structure of the hellish realms and the calculations associated with them.

4. Third Mahadhikara: Bhavanavasika-Loka (The Realm of Planetary Deities)

• Description of Bhavanavasika Devas: This chapter focuses on the celestial beings who reside in the lower heavens, known as Bhavanavasikas.
• Cosmic Abodes: It describes their residences (bhavana), which are described as magnificent palaces made of jewels and gold, located in various celestial regions.
• Hierarchy and Ranks: The text details the hierarchy among these devas, including Indras (kings), Prathindras, Trayastrimshas, Samanikas, Lokapalas, Tanurakshakas, Parishads (various types), Abhiyogya, and Kilbishikas.
• Numbers and Dimensions: It provides specific numbers for the abodes and the devas inhabiting them, along with their respective lifespans and physical attributes.
• Features of Celestial Palaces: The description includes details about the palaces, their entrances, courtyards, assembly halls, decorative elements, musical instruments, and the opulent lifestyles of these devas and their consorts.
• Diet and Respiration: It mentions their food (amrita-like nectar) and the intervals of their sustenance and respiration.
• Deva Consciousness and Limitations: The text touches upon their limited omniscience (avadhi-jnana) and their karmic limitations.
• Rebirth into Heavenly Realms: It briefly explains the karmic conditions that lead to rebirth in these celestial abodes.
• Mathematical Details: This section continues to present numerical data and calculations related to the populations, lifespans, and architectural details of the celestial realms.
• Illustrations: The commentary is enhanced with illustrations depicting the palaces and celestial beings.

Overall Significance: "Tiloypannatti Part 1" is a monumental work that not only provides a detailed account of Jain cosmology but also showcases the sophisticated mathematical and astronomical knowledge possessed by ancient Jain scholars. The commentary by Aryaika Vishuddhamati Mataji and the editing by Dr. Chetanprakash Patni make this edition a valuable resource for anyone seeking to understand Jain Tattvajnana (knowledge of principles) and the intricacies of its world-view. The meticulous inclusion of diagrams and mathematical explanations is particularly noteworthy for its clarity and educational value.