Terapanth Maryada Aur Vyavastha - Book Summary

Based on the provided text, here's a comprehensive summary of "Terapanth Maryada Aur Vyavastha":

Book Title: Terapanth Maryada Aur Vyavastha (Terapanth: Discipline and System)

Author(s): Acharya Tulsi (as the Prabahak/Narrator), Acharya Mahapragya (as the Pradhan Sampadak/Chief Editor), Muni Madhukar (as the Sampadak/Editor). The title page also mentions "Jayaacharya" as the Prabahak and "Jaya Vangmaya - Granth 9" indicating the book is part of a larger compilation of Jayaacharya'The work is a collection of ten works by Shrimad Jayacharya concerning the discipline and system of the Terapanth Dharma Sangha.**

Publisher: Jain Vishva Bharati, Ladnun (Rajasthan)

Core Theme:

The book "Terapanth Maryada Aur Vyavastha" delves into the foundational principles of discipline and systematic organization within the Terapanth Jain tradition. It highlights how these principles, initiated by the first Acharya Bhikshu and further developed by the fourth Acharya Jayaacharya, have created a robust and socialist-like structure within the monastic community. The text emphasizes that this meticulously crafted system has been instrumental in the Sangha's stability and growth, enabling it to function effectively even with a large number of monks and nuns (around 700 mentioned).

Key Points and Contributions:

Apostolic Foundation by Acharya Bhikshu: The text begins by acknowledging Acharya Bhikshu's profound contribution in establishing a strong constitutional framework for the organization. This was particularly remarkable given the prevailing disarray in contemporary religious orders where multiple Acharyas existed within a single sect, and even subordinate monks could establish their own disciples. Acharya Bhikshu's system provided a unique direction, turning the prevailing chaotic flow into a disciplined one, a feat deemed rare in history.
Jayaacharya's Role in Systematization and Expansion: The book specifically focuses on the works of the fourth Acharya, Jayaacharya, who lived from V.S. 1960 to 1938. Jayaacharya played a crucial role in further refining and expanding the organizational framework laid by Acharya Bhikshu. His contributions are presented through a collection of ten specific works included in this book. These works are: * Likhitan Ri Jod (Collection of Written Rules): This is the most extensive part, containing poetic translations (in Rajasthani dhal format) of ten 'Likhita' (written rules or constitutions) established by Acharya Bhikshu. These rules address various aspects of monastic life, including personal conduct, inter-monastic relations, discipline, and the proper functioning of the Sangha. The text details the composition dates and specific contents of these dhals, covering rules for individual monks, nuns, and both collectively. * Ganapati Sikhāvan (Guidance for the Leader/Abbot): This work focuses on the responsibilities and conduct of the leader of the monastic community, particularly addressing the young Acharya Maghrajji. It emphasizes the need for meticulous attention to all Sangha activities and psychological insights for growth. * Shiksha Ri Chopi (Verses of Instruction): This collection offers valuable teachings on various aspects of Sangha management and personal conduct. It uses psychological and logical methods, often employing vivid imagery and dialogues, to make profound truths understandable and memorable. The text highlights the detailed portrayal of virtuous and non-virtuous characters and useful life lessons. * Updesh Ri Chopi (Verses of Counsel): This work comprises fifteen dhals offering instructive advice on diverse subjects, including the transience of worldly pleasures and the consequences of actions. It uses poignant verses to guide individuals towards spiritual pursuits. * Tuhukā: This work is presented as a tool for instilling discipline and adherence to the Sangha's arrangements concerning food, water, and services. It was read daily before meals to reinforce these principles. * Maryada Mochhav Ri Dhala (Verses for the Festival of Discipline): This includes eight dhals related to the annual festival of discipline, which is a significant period for policy-making and introspection within the Sangha. * Gan Vishuddhikaran Hājari (Attendance for Sangha Purity): This work compiles 28 'Hajarias' (attendance records or reports) that elaborate on the disciplines laid down by Swami Bhikshanji. These are presented as a blend of education and rules, crucial for maintaining the purity and proper functioning of the monastic community. * Parampara Ri Jod (Collection of Traditions): This work addresses various questions and provides solutions based on established traditions, particularly when the scriptures are silent on contemporary issues. It emphasizes the importance of following established practices for maintaining order and resolving dilemmas. * Laghuras (Short Verses): This work analyzes various facts related to six monks who had left the Sangha. It offers psychological insights into their ideologies and actions. * Tāloakaro ki Dhāl (Verses on those Excluded from the Sangha): This work analyzes the limitations and behavior of individuals excommunicated from the Sangha, highlighting the principles and consequences associated with such actions, referencing specific historical instances.
Socialist-like Principles: The text draws a parallel between the Terapanth Sangha's organization and socialist principles, particularly the absence of personal ownership of resources. Monks and nuns are described as "anagars" (homeless), possessing no personal dwellings. Resources like clothing and food are shared equitably based on need, ensuring no one is destitute or excessively wealthy. This communal living, where everything is dedicated to the Sangha, is presented as a unique socialistic experiment functioning successfully for two centuries.
Discipline and Hierarchy: The core of the system revolves around a single Acharya's authority. All monks and nuns are required to follow the Acharya's commands regarding their movements, retreats, and discipleship. The principle of not taking personal disciples is strictly enforced, with initiation rights solely vested in the Acharya.
Personal Conduct and Ethical Framework: The collected works of Jayaacharya provide detailed guidance on individual conduct, ethical behavior, mutual respect, and the proper approach to resolving doubts or new questions related to faith, conduct, or principles. The emphasis is on collective decision-making, consultation with experienced monks, and avoiding contentious debates.
Literary Significance: Jayaacharya is lauded as a prolific writer, having composed approximately three and a half lakh verses in Rajasthani. His translation of 'Bhagvati' is considered the largest work in Rajasthani literature, comprising 501 songs set to various melodies. His literary contributions are described as multifaceted, encompassing spiritual depth, historical narrative, and poetic excellence.
Respect for Tradition and the Acharya: A strong emphasis is placed on respecting the lineage of Acharyas and the established traditions. The concept of "Nishra" (guidance or under the patronage of) is central, indicating a hierarchical structure where disciples are devoted to their Acharya. The meticulous records and the observance of anniversaries like the "Nirvana Dwishatabdi" (200th anniversary of Nirvana) for Acharya Bhikshu underscore the importance of honoring the past.

Overall Impact:

The book highlights how the "Maryada Aur Vyavastha" of Terapanth, rooted in the teachings of Mahavira and meticulously structured by its Acharyas, has fostered a disciplined, organized, and spiritually oriented community. It presents these principles not just as religious edicts but as a practical, well-functioning socio-religious system that has stood the test of time and can be considered a remarkable achievement in religious organization and governance. The work serves as a guide and a testament to the enduring legacy of these principles.