Tattvarthadhigam Sutram Part 01

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Book Title: Tattvarthadhigam Sutram Part 01 Author(s): Thakurprasad Sharma Publisher: Shripalnagar Jain Sh M Derasar Trust Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/004022/1

Overall Context: This document appears to be the first part of a re-publication of the Tattvarthadhigam Sutra, a foundational Jain text, along with commentaries. The publisher is the Shripalnagar Jain Shvetamber Murti Pujak Derasar Trust in Mumbai. The re-publication is dedicated to Pujyapadacharya Dev Shrimad Vijaymitranand Surishwarji Maharaj, with Muni Bhavyadarshan Vijay as the editor. The text highlights the significance of the Tattvarthasutra and its various commentaries, particularly the commentary by Siddhasen Ganik. It also provides an introduction to the Jain tradition and the specific trust responsible for this publication, including details about their temple and activities.

Key Sections and Content:

1. Title Page & Publisher Information (Pages 1-2):

   • Confirms the title "Shri Tattvarthadhigam Sutram."
   • Mentions it is authored by Shrimad Umaswati Bhagwat and adorned with the commentary of Shri Siddhasen Ganik.
   • Specifies it's the "First Part."
   • Lists the inspirational figures for the re-publication: Shrimad Vijaymitranand Surishwarji Maharaj.
   • States the editor as Bhavyadarshan Vijay Muni.
   • Provides the publisher details: Shripalnagar Jain Shvetamber Murti Pujak Derasar Trust, Mumbai.
   • Includes publication dates in both Veer Samvat (2518) and Vikram Samvat (2049).

2. Table of Contents (Page 4):

   • "Kinchid Vijnapanam" (A Brief Announcement/Preface) - Pages 13-14
   • "Prastavana" (Introduction) - Pages 15-31
   • "Swopajnya Sambandhakarika (Tika Abdhayopeta)" (Self-authored Sambandhakarika with commentaries) - Pages 1-24
   • "Prathamo'dhyayah" (First Chapter) - Pages 25-135
   • "Dwitiyo'dhyayah" (Second Chapter) - Pages 136-227
   • "Tritiyo'dhyayah" (Third Chapter) - Pages 228-270
   • "Chaturtho'dhyayah" (Fourth Chapter) - Pages 273-314
   • "Panchamo'dhyayah" (Fifth Chapter) - Pages 315-441
   • "Sutrakramen'antaradhikar Sucha" (Index of Sub-topics according to Sutra order) - Pages 443-467
   • "Anubhavadharena Ashudhi Shodhanapatrakam" (Errata based on experience) - Pages 468-486

3. Foreword/Announcement Regarding Re-publication (Page 8):

   • Emphasizes the inexhaustible scriptural wealth of Jainism, containing the entire Tattvajnan (knowledge of realities).
   • Quotes Shri Hemchandracharya calling Umaswati Maharaj a leader in collecting principles (Tattvas).
   • States Umaswati Maharaj authored 500 great texts, with Tattvarthasutra being widely known.
   • Notes that around 25 Sanskrit commentaries were written on Tattvarthasutra by both Shvetambar and Digambar acharyas.
   • Highlights the uniqueness of Maharishi Siddharshi Ganik's commentary.
   • Expresses the need for re-publication of this text, which was previously published in two parts.
   • Attributes the inspiration for re-publication to Shrimad Vijaymitranand Surishwarji Maharaj.
   • Expresses gratitude to the previous publisher, Shreshthi Devchand Lallubhai Pustakoddhar Fund.
   • Details the establishment and growth of the Shripalnagar Jain Shvetamber Derasar Trust and Upashray Trust, including the installation of deities (Munisuvrat Swami and Adinath Bhagwan) and the grand consecration ceremony.
   • Mentions the development of various institutions like Jain Pathshala and Ayambil Khata.
   • States the trust's commitment to publishing ancient and modern texts.
   • Mentions the trust's continuous spending of lakhs of rupees in Tirthoddhar (restoration of pilgrimage sites) and Jirnoddhar (renovation of temples).

4. Introduction (Prastavana) (Pages 15-31):

   • This section is extensive and delves into the author and the text itself.
   • Author's Introduction: The editor (likely Heerlal Kapadia, as indicated by the signature on page 14) recounts their journey into Jain philosophy, starting after their M.A. and taking up a mathematics teaching position. They express deep admiration for the Syadvada (doctrine of manifold perspectives) prevalent in Jainism.
   • Work Introduction: The name "Tattvarthadhigam Sutram" itself reveals the subject matter: the exposition of Tattvas like Jiva, Ajiva, etc. It is considered primary in the Dravyanuyoga (theological discourse) of Jain literature.
   • Structure of Tattvarthasutra: It mentions 31 Sambandhakarikas preceding the commentary (Bhashya). It then outlines the content of the ten chapters:
     • Chapter 1: Samyak-tva, Nikshepa, Jnana, Naya, etc.
     • Chapter 2: Characteristics of the Soul, 53 types of Bhavas, Soul classification, Indriyas, Lifespan.
     • Chapter 3: Naraka and their inhabitants, description of Manushya-kshetra, Tirashcha (animals/lower beings).
     • Chapter 4: Devagati (celestial beings), their lifespans.
     • Chapter 5: Dharmastikaya, Pudgala, Dravya Lakshana (characteristics of substances).
     • Chapter 6: Asrava (influx of karma).
     • Chapter 7: Desha-virati (partial) and Sarva-virati (total) vows.
     • Chapter 8: Bandha (bondage of karma).
     • Chapter 9: Samvara (cessation of karma) and Nirjara (shedding of karma).
     • Chapter 10: Moksha (liberation) and the path to it.
   • Verse Counts: Mentions the approximate number of sutras (344 by Shvetambaras, 357 by Digambaras), commentary verses (2200), and Siddhasen Ganik's commentary (18282 verses).
   • Importance: Notes the text's importance is evident from commentaries written in various languages (Sanskrit, Hindi, Gujarati, etc.).
   • Commentaries: Lists notable commentaries from both Shvetambar and Digambar traditions.
   • Author's Background (Umaswati): Discusses Umaswati's lineage, birth, spiritual lineage (disciple of Ghoshnandi Shraman, great-granddisciple of Shivshri, etc.), and the location of his work (Kusumpur/Pataliputra). It also lists his other known works.
   • Time Period of Umaswati: Discusses the debate regarding his time period, with various estimations placing him between the 5th century BCE and the 9th century CE, with a likely period of two centuries before or after the 9th century CE.
   • Digambar perspective on Umaswati: Mentions Umaswati's life period as 714-798 CE according to the Digambar tradition and their alternative name "Vrushagachhadhipati".
   • Author's Sect (Shvetamber/Digambar): The editor argues for Umaswati's Shvetamber affiliation based on interpretations of sutras regarding celestial beings (mentioning 16 vs 12 types) and the concept of Kala (time) and Kalagu. The text also discusses the presence of Ksaya (destruction) in Jainism and the implications for the soul.
   • Tika (Commentary) Discussion: Introduces the two commentaries on Sambandhakarika by Devgupti Suri and Siddhasen Ganik. It discusses the potential relationship between these commentators and their respective schools.

5. Sambandhakarika (Pages 1-24):

   • This section contains the "Sambandhakarika" and the two commentaries mentioned above.
   • The Devgupta Suri's Commentary begins with a verse honoring Vira (the Jina) and then expounds upon the initial verse of the Tattvarthasutra's Bhashya (likely the introductory verses). It discusses the nature of Samyagdarshan (Right Faith) and its necessity for liberation.
   • The Siddhasen Ganik's Commentary appears to be a more detailed explanation or a continuation.

Overall Themes:

• Reverence for Tattvarthasutra: The document underscores the paramount importance of Tattvarthasutra in Jainism and the dedication of the Shripalnagar Trust to its dissemination.
• Scholarly Pursuit: It highlights the lineage of Jain scholarship, from the original acharyas to the modern editors and publishers, emphasizing the meticulous process of preserving and re-publishing ancient texts.
• Inspiration and Dedication: The re-publication is presented as an act of devotion and a continuation of the spiritual legacy of prominent acharyas.
• Jain Philosophy: Through the introduction and the detailed discussion of Umaswati's background and the text's structure, it offers insights into Jain principles, ontology, and cosmology.

This summary provides a broad overview of the content presented in the initial pages of the Tattvarthadhigam Sutram Part 01. The extensive table of contents suggests a deep dive into each chapter's topics.