Tattvarthadhigam Sutra Abhinav Tika Adhyaya 02

This document is the second chapter (Adhyaya 2) of the Tattvarthadhigam Sutra Abhinav Tika by Muni Deepratnasagar, with commentary by Muni Deepratnasagar and guidance from Param Pujya Muniraj Shri Sudharmasagarji Maharaj Saheb. The publisher is Abhinav Shruta Prakashan, Jamnagar.

The chapter, as outlined in the detailed index (Visay Anukram), covers the following topics related to the Soul (Jiva) and its states:

Core Concepts:

• Five Bhavas (States) of the Soul: The chapter begins by explaining the five primary states of the soul: Aupashamik (suppressed), Kshāyik (eradicated), Mishr (mixed), Audayik (resultant from karma), and Pārināmik (inherent transformation).
• Nature and Divisions of the Soul: It elaborates on the characteristics and classifications of the soul.
• Sense Organs (Indriyas): The text details the nature and types of sense organs and their objects.
• Classification of Living Beings: It identifies beings based on their number of sense organs (Ekendriya to Panchendriya).
• Motion (Gati) and Yoga: The chapter discusses the concepts of motion and the various types of Yoga.
• Birth (Janma) and its Types: It explains the different ways beings are born.
• Bodies (Sharira) and their Owners: The text describes the various types of bodies and who possesses them.
• Unconscious States (Nirupabhogata): It touches upon states where the soul experiences no conscious pleasure.
• Specific Classifications: Discussions on hellish beings (Narakadi gati), sexes (ling), and the unalterable lifespan (anapavartaniya ayu).

Detailed Breakdown of Bhavas (States):

The commentary provides an in-depth explanation of each of the five bhavas:

1. Aupashamik Bhava (Suppressed State): Arises from the suppression of karmas for a temporary period. This leads to a state of purity, akin to clear water after sediment settles. It's temporary, lasting at most an antarmuhurta. It's the first stage of right faith attained by those with initial delusion.
2. Kshāyik Bhava (Eradicated State): Arises from the complete annihilation of karmas. This purity is permanent, lasting eternally. It's superior to the Aupashamik bhava due to its infinite duration and is achieved by the liberated souls (Siddhas).
3. Mishr Bhava (Mixed State) / Kshāyopashamik Bhava: A combination of both suppression and eradication. It involves the eradication of some karmic particles and the suppression of others. This state is characterized by partial purity and impurity, like rice washed with water where some impurities remain. It has a longer duration and more beings attain it than the Aupashamik bhava.
4. Audayik Bhava (Resultant State): Arises from the maturation (udaya) of karmas. This state is characterized by impurity, like muddy water. It's the most common state for embodied souls.
5. Pārināmik Bhava (Inherent State): This is the natural, inherent transformation of a substance, independent of karma. It's the intrinsic nature of the soul. While all bhavas are ultimately transformations, this is the fundamental, self-originated state. The commentary notes that while the first three bhavas are primarily unique to the soul, the latter two (Audayik and Pārināmik) can also apply to non-soul substances (Ajiva).

Sub-classifications of Bhavas:

The chapter further details the sub-classifications of these five bhavas, totaling 53:

• Aupashamik: 2 types (Samayaktva and Charitra)
• Kshāyik: 9 types (Jnana, Darshan, Dan, Labha, Bhoga, Upbhoga, Virya, Samyak-darshan, Charitra)
• Kshāyopashamik: 18 types (4 types of knowledge, 3 types of ignorance, 3 types of perception, 5 types of acquired abilities, Samyak-darshan, Charitra, Samyama-sanyama)
• Audayik: 21 types (related to Gati, Kashaya, Linga, Mithyadarsana, Ajnana, Asamyata, Asiddhatva, and Leshyas)
• Pārināmik: 3 types (Jivatva, Bhavyatva, Abhavvyatva) and potentially others mentioned through the word "ādi" (meaning "and so forth").

Key Topics Discussed:

• Soul's Characteristics: Defining the soul through its inherent states (Svatattva) and its characteristic activity (Lakshana), which is identified as 'Upayog' (Consciousness/Activity).
• Types of Souls: Classification into Sansari (embodied) and Mukta (liberated) souls.
• Monadic (Manasika) Nature: Discussion on souls with mind (Samanaska) and without mind (Amanaska).
• Motion and Birth: Detailed explanation of transmigration, states of motion (Gati), and the three types of birth (Sammūrchana, Garbha, and Upapāta).
• Sense Organs: Thorough exploration of the five external sense organs (Jnanendriyas) and the internal sense organ (Manas).
• Body Types: Description of the five types of bodies (Audārika, Vaikriyaka, Āhārakā, Taijasa, and Kārmaṇa).
• Subtlety and Density of Bodies: Explaining the relative density (Sukshmata) of these bodies.
• Interactions of Bodies: Discussing the nature of Taijasa and Kārmaṇa bodies, their omnipresence and indestructibility within the universe.
• Nature of Karma: Understanding the relationship between the soul and karmas, leading to different states of existence.
• Soul's Purpose (Upayog): The ultimate purpose of the soul is consciousness and activity, which helps in distinguishing the soul from non-soul entities.

Overall Purpose:

The second chapter of the Tattvarthadhigam Sutra Abhinav Tika delves deeply into the nature, states, and classifications of the soul. It systematically explains the various modes of existence, the causal factors (karmas) that lead to these states, and the fundamental principles governing the soul's journey through the cycle of birth and death. The detailed analysis of the five bhavas and their numerous sub-classifications aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the soul's multifaceted nature, ultimately guiding the aspirant towards liberation (Moksha) by clarifying the path of right faith, knowledge, and conduct.