Tattvartha Sutra Part 02

This summary is based on the provided text, focusing on the content from Page 5 onwards which outlines the chapters and themes of the Tattvartha Sutra Part 02. The initial pages contain introductory material and fair use declarations, which are not part of the Jain text itself.

Comprehensive Summary of Tattvartha Sutra Part 02 (as per the provided pages):

This text, the second part of the Tattvartha Sutra, authored by Kanhaiyalal Maharaj and published by A. B. Shwetambar Sthanakwasi Jain Shastroddhar Samiti, delves into the remaining chapters of this foundational Jain scripture. The book is a Hindi-Gujarati translation of the original text, accompanied by the "Dipika-Niyukti" commentary.

The summary of the content is presented through a detailed chapter and section breakdown:

Sixth Chapter: Asrava Tattva (The Principle of Influx) This chapter focuses on the concept of Asrava, the influx of karma into the soul. It meticulously details:

• Asrava Tattva: Defining Asrava and its nature.
• Causes of Punyas and Papi Asravas: Identifying the reasons behind the influx of meritorious and demeritorious karma.
• Samparaya Kriya: Discussing the actions that lead to karma bondage.
• Characteristics of Influx: Explaining the causes of the soul's cyclical journey through the world.
• Types of Karmic Influx: Delineating the various ways karma attaches to the soul.
• Nature of Adhikaran (Aggravation/Instrument): Defining the instruments or agents that facilitate karma bondage.
• Adhikaran of Jiva and Ajiva: Categorizing the instruments as either related to living beings or non-living substances.
• Universality of Karmic Bondage: Discussing whether karmic bondage is uniform for all beings.
• The Role of Mind, Speech, and Body: Detailing how mind, speech, and body (yoga) contribute to Asrava, with a focus on the internal causes like passions (kashayas) and the external causes like karma-substance.
• Types of Yoga: Elaborating on the three types of yoga (mind, speech, body) and their connection to Asrava.
• Causes of Karma Bondage: Listing various causes like wrong faith, lack of self-control, negligence, and passions.
• Details of the Vows (Anuvratas and Gunavratas): Explaining the nature of the five minor vows (anuvratas) and the three major vows (gunavratas), including their transgressions (ativicharas). This section covers:
  • The five anuvratas (non-violence, truthfulness, non-stealing, celibacy, non-possession).
  • The three gunavratas (direction restriction, limited use of consumables, and prohibition of unnecessary painful activities).
  • The four shikshavratas (temporary vows for practice).
  • The practice of samlekhan (slow fasting to the death) and jopana (nurturing oneself).
  • The transgressions (ativicharas) associated with each of these vows.
• The Twenty-Five Bhavanas (Meditations/Reflections): Discussing the mental states that help in practicing and strengthening the vows.
• Types of Right Conduct (Charitra): Differentiating the various stages and forms of conduct that lead to liberation.
• Types of Austerity (Tapa): Explaining both external and internal austerities.
• The Four Types of Meditation (Dhyana): Detailing Artadhyana (sorrowful meditation), Raudra Dhyana (fierce meditation), Dharma Dhyana (righteous meditation), and Shukla Dhyana (pure meditation), and their roles.
• The Nature of Shukra Dhyana: Further elaborating on the four types of Shukla Dhyana.

Seventh Chapter: Samvara Tattva (The Principle of Suppression) This chapter focuses on Samvara, the cessation of karmic influx. Key aspects include:

• The Nature of Samvara: Defining Samvara as the stopping of Asrava.
• Types of Samvara: Differentiating between material (dravya) and spiritual (bhava) Samvara.
• Causes of Samvara: Identifying the practices that lead to Samvara, such as:
  • Samitis (Carefulness): The five types of careful conduct (care in movement, speech, eating, handling objects, excretion).
  • Guptis (Restraint): The three types of restraints (mind, speech, body).
  • Dharma (Righteousness): The ten virtues.
  • Anupreksha (Reflections): The twelve contemplations on universal truths.
  • Parishahajaya (Victory over Hardships): The twenty-two types of voluntary hardships.
  • Charitra (Conduct): The different stages of right conduct.
  • Tapa (Austerity): Both external and internal austerities.
• Transgressions (Aticharas): Detail on the transgressions related to the five minor vows (anuvratas), three gunavratas, four shikshavratas, and samlekhan.

Eighth Chapter: Nirjara Tattva (The Principle of Karmic Shedding) This chapter covers Nirjara, the shedding of accumulated karma. It elaborates on:

• The Nature of Nirjara: Defining Nirjara as the destruction of karma.
• Two Types of Nirjara: Differentiating between the external and internal processes of shedding karma.
• Methods of Karma Destruction: Focusing on various forms of austerity (tapa) as the primary means for Nirjara, including:
  • Six External Austerities: Fasting (anashana), etc.
  • Six Internal Austerities: Penance (prayaschitta), etc.
  • Detailed explanations of various austerities like baktapratyakhyana, bhakto dravya-avmoda, chaitanya-dravya-avmoda, kaya-klesha, mati-samlinata, indriya-pratisamlinata, kashaya-pratisamlinata, yoga-pratisamlinata, and vivikta-shayya-asana-sevata.
  • The Forty-Five Transgressions (Aticharas) of Anarthadand Viraman: This section appears to be a detailed exposition within the chapter, possibly related to the causes of influx or obstacles to virtue that need to be overcome.
  • The Five Transgressions of Brahmacharya: Explaining the specific violations related to celibacy.
  • The Five Transgressions of Aparigraha: Detailing violations related to non-possession.
  • The Twenty-Five Bhavanas (Meditations): These are described as important for the practice of austerities.
  • The Ten Types of Shramana Dharma: Outlining the conduct of an ascetic.
  • The Twelve Types of Austerities (Tapa): Providing a detailed breakdown of both external and internal austerities.
  • The Thirteen Types of Meditation (Dhyana): Categorizing the different forms of mental concentration.
  • The Thirty-Five Types of Virtues: Discussing the positive qualities to be cultivated.

The remaining chapters and their contents are not detailed in the provided text snippet. The summary primarily reflects the detailed breakdown of the Sixth, Seventh, and Eighth chapters as presented in the table of contents and the initial sections.