Swayambhukrut Ritthanemicharitra Matthi Pacchis Deshya Shabdo

This document, "Swayambhukrut Ritthanemicharitra matthi Pacchis Deshya Shabdo" by H.C. Bhayani, published in the Z_Jinvijay_Muni_Abhinandan_Granth_012033.pdf, is an academic exploration of twenty-five "deshya" (regional or vernacular) words found in the ancient Apabhramsha epic "Ritthanemi Charitra" (also known as "Harivanshpuranam" or "Haribhadrasuri") by the renowned poet Swayambhudeo.

The author, H.C. Bhayani, highlights the growing accessibility of older Prakrit and Apabhramsha literature, which increasingly sheds light on the vocabulary and usage of these languages. He notes that this new understanding helps clarify terms and instances found in previously published texts, including those recorded by Hemachandracharya.

Bhayani focuses on a few usages from the beginning of Swayambhudeo's epic, utilizing a manuscript from the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute. He then proceeds to analyze and explain each of the twenty-five deshya words, providing their context within the "Ritthanemi Charitra" and tracing their potential etymological origins and cognates in other Prakrit, Sanskrit, and Gujarati words.

Here's a summary of the words discussed:

1. Avakha (अवख): Meaning "worry" or "anxiety." Bhayani connects it to words related to "looking" or "caring for."
2. Kudagar (कूडागार): Described as a "house with a pointed roof" or "a house on a peak," possibly referring to a structure shaped like a pointed top.
3. Khema-khemi (खेमाखेमि): Meaning "exchanging greetings" or "asking about well-being." This is presented as a reduplicative usage similar to "hattha hatthi" (hand to hand).
4. Khollada (खोल्लडउ): Referring to a "well" or a small hut-like structure. Bhayani links it to words like "bukhalla" (hut) and "kholli" (hollow), suggesting connections to the Gujarati "kholaddu" and "khoru" related to water.
5. Chandilla (चंडिल्ल): Meaning "valiant" or "bold," used in the context of a young man (Valanda) being threatened.
6. Chudhir (छुध हीर): Meaning "child" or "moon." Bhayani suggests it's a metaphorical usage derived from "small diamond" (hiralo).
7. Jhal Jhalava (झल झलाव): Meaning "to overflow" or "to brim over." The word is associated with the agitation of water, as in the sea overflowing due to a loud sound.
8. Diminutive Suffix '-da' (लघुतावाचक 'ड' प्रत्यय): Bhayani notes Swayambhudeo's consistent use of the suffix '-da' to denote smallness or insignificance, citing examples like "lahudiya" (a small new wife) and "tanutanuyadiya" (a slender and delicate body).
9. Dikkaru (डिक्करूय): Meaning "child." Bhayani connects it to the Prakrit suffix '-ruya' indicating praise, similar to Gujarati "bhandaru" and "chhoru."
10. Thukiya (थुकिय): Meaning "to contract the face in slight anger." The usage in the text supports this meaning and connection.
11. Duvali (दुवालि): Described as "storm," "disturbance," "arrogance," or "wildness." It's linked to the Sanskrit root "prali" (to move wildly) and its combinations. Examples show it referring to a wild elephant and uncontrolled behavior.
12. Paiddha (पइद्ध): Meaning "extremely infatuated" or "deeply attracted." Bhayani connects it to the Sanskrit "pragriddha."
13. Palakka (पलक्क): Meaning "licentious" or "lustful." The word is found in other Apabhramsha works referring to women of loose character.
14. Parana (पारणा): Used in the compound "vidya-parana" meaning "strength of knowledge" or "knowledge-power." The author connects the modern Gujarati usage "parane" (forcefully) to this older meaning of "strength."
15. Bhagavati (भगवइ): Used to refer to the goddess Durga. Bhayani notes that this specific meaning is not recorded in standard lexicons.
16. Bhaddiya (भद्दियो): Meaning "Vishnu" or "Krishna." Bhayani suggests that "bhadhiya" is the pure form, supported by other lexicographical entries.
17. Muyasu (मूयसू): Meaning "to make mute" or "to silence." This is compared to the Prakrit "mua" and "muallaia" (made mute).
18. Mottiyar (मोट्टियार): Meaning "young man" or "youth." Bhayani explains its formation from "mottaya" with the augmentative suffix "-yara."
19. Lehadu (लेहड): Meaning "greedy" or "eager." Bhayani relates it to "liha" (to lick), implying an eager desire.
20. Bandhana (बंधणार): Meaning "bondage" or "binding." It appears in the epic in contexts of strong binding. Bhayani also refers to a line where it's used in a pun.
21. Valahiy (वालाहिय): Meaning "lake" or "pond." It's used to describe the Yamuna River.
22. Viyale (विय्याले): Meaning "among," "in the midst of." Bhayani links it to the Apabhramsha "vicci" and its derivative in Gujarati, "vachala."
23. Sattavi Sanjojana (सत्तावी संजोयण): Meaning "moon." This term is interpreted as "one who adorns the twenty-seven constellations," making the moon its referent.
24. Sahuliya (साहुलिय): Meaning "branch" or "arm." Bhayani points out that lexicons also list "branch" and "arm" as meanings for related words.
25. Hevaiyau (हेवाइयउ): Meaning "angered" or "enraged." Bhayani connects it to Sanskrit "hevaka" and Gujarati "hevayo," suggesting a derivation from a word meaning "haughtiness" or "anger."

In essence, the article is a linguistic study that enriches our understanding of the Apabhramsha language and its literary heritage by meticulously analyzing specific lexical items from a significant, yet previously less accessible, work of ancient Indian literature.