Swarajyane Chatthe Varshe - Book Summary

Here's a comprehensive summary of the provided Gujarati text from "Swarajyane Chatthe Varshe" by Sukhlal Sanghavi, focusing on the concept of Swarajya (self-rule) in post-independence India:

The text explores the meaning and realization of Swarajya six years after India's independence, contrasting it with the British rule. The author argues that the absence of Swarajya under British rule wasn't about a lack of order or general peace, but rather the denial of the common people's right to voice their genuine grievances and suffering to the rulers without fear.

Key aspects of the argument:

The Meaning of Swarajya: The core of the text emphasizes that Swarajya, in the minds of the people, meant the unfettered and fearless opportunity to present the true suffering and concerns of every segment of society to the government. Without this, even with good administration and peace, people felt suffocated. The inability to express one's inner pain or to do so only partially and distortedly, in a foreign language and through intermediaries, was the essence of not having Swarajya.
The British Era: During British rule, despite their effective use of policies, suppression, and propaganda, they eventually appeased religious leaders by assuring non-interference in religious matters. This led many religious heads to become supporters of British rule. Similarly, traders and the capitalist class focused on their profits and found opportunities as agents for foreign goods, leaving them with no reason to oppose the ruling power. The educated and influential class felt they had benefited from the British system. However, the larger masses, who faced hardship and had limited opportunities, lacked a voice to express their discontent.
Post-Independence Realization: Even with a well-established system and apparent peace under British rule, people recognized the absence of Swarajya. After independence, despite the changes brought about by the new regime, the people still felt that true Swarajya was being achieved. This is because the fundamental shift was the ability to express grievances directly and fearlessly. The independence significantly impacted vested interests like kings, landlords, and established religious practices. It also challenged the bureaucratic machinery that thrived under foreign rule.
Deeper Meanings of Swarajya: Beyond the primary meaning of expressing grievances, the text outlines several other crucial aspects of Swarajya that should be pursued:
1. Government's Obligation to Understand People's Difficulties: The government must genuinely strive to understand the hardships faced by its citizens. This understanding needs to be thorough and consistent. If only vocal segments of society have their issues addressed, the discontent of others will grow, leading to comparisons with the pre-independence era.
2. Swift and Effective Resolution of Grievances: Merely understanding problems is insufficient; the government must take prompt and effective action to mitigate them. Delays in addressing issues can lead to a loss of trust, akin to a doctor who knows the ailment but delays treatment.
3. Government's Contact and Connection with the People: Ministers and officials should actively engage with the public, listen to their concerns directly, and build rapport. This personal connection fosters a sense of ownership and belonging. The author contrasts this with the aloofness of the British and emphasizes the importance of empathy in governance. True cooperation comes from winning the people's hearts through contact.
4. Elimination of Corruption and Favoritism: The text highlights the persistent problem of bribery and favoritism within the government machinery. This corruption, even among educated officials, undermines the very foundation of the state. Strict action against those who betray the government, whether traders or officials, is crucial to maintain public faith. The government's responsibility is to cleanse its own system.
5. Appropriate Emoluments and Service-Oriented Approach: While acknowledging that some officials are truly dedicated, the author points out that the salaries and administrative expenses are often unsustainable for the populace. Officials, especially those in higher positions, should possess self-confidence that they will not face hardship even without accumulating wealth, thus encouraging a selfless approach. The current tax burden is perceived as excessive, and the government needs to be more economical. The financial policies should not overburden the middle and lower classes.
Conclusion: Six years into independence, the author expresses hope that those who have served long, understand Gandhi's path, and are honest will work towards realizing Gandhi's vision of Swarajya in their own way. The text concludes by warning that if the government fails to address public dissatisfaction, it could lead to the rise of ideologies like communism or socialism, even if these alternative systems might not necessarily solve the problems.

In essence, the text is a critical reflection on the early years of Indian independence, emphasizing that true Swarajya is not just a political achievement but a continuous process of inclusive governance, responsive administration, and genuine connection between the rulers and the ruled.