Siddha Hemchandra Shabdanushasanam Part 02 - Book Summary

Siddha Hemchandra Shabdanushasanam, Part 02: A Comprehensive Summary

This document is the second part of the Siddha Hemchandra Shabdanushasanam, a monumental work on Jain grammar. Authored by Pandit Jagdishbhai, this volume delves into the intricacies of Sanskrit grammar as presented by the renowned Acharya Hemchandrasuri. The text is a translation and commentary on the original work, enriched with insights from other Jain scholars.

Key Features and Content:

Title: Siddha Hemchandra Shabdanushasanam, Part 02
Author/Translator: Pandit Jagdishbhai
Publisher: Jagdishbhai
Core Text: Kālīkālasarvajña Shri Hemchandracharya's Shri Siddha Hemchandra Shabdanushasanam.
Commentary/Additions: Svopajña Tattvaprakashika (Bṛhadvr̥tti), Prakāśa, and the commentary by Kanakaprabhasuri (Nyāsa Sārasamuddhāra).

Summary of Chapters/Sections Covered (Based on the Provided Pages):

The document begins with the traditional Jain invocation, "Shri Shankheshwar Parshvanathaya Namah," and dedicates the work to the spiritual well-being of the author's parents. The core of the provided text focuses on Chapter 1, Section 1 (Adhyāya 1, Pāda 1) of the Shabdanushasanam, specifically covering sutras related to:

Sutra 1.1.29 (पुं-स्त्रियोः स्यमौस् / Puṃ-striyoḥ syamaujas): This section discusses grammatical rules concerning the endings for masculine and feminine genders. It explains the designation of certain suffixes as 'ghuṭ' (घुट्) and their impact on word formation, particularly regarding vowel lengthening. Examples like 'rājan' (king) and 'sīman' (border) in masculine and feminine forms are provided. The text also engages in a philosophical discussion about the nature of gender itself, whether it's an attribute of the object or the word.
Sutra 1.1.30 (चादयोऽसत्त्वे / Cādayo'sattve): This sutra deals with indeclinables (avyaya). It defines indeclinables as words that do not change their form due to gender, number, or case. A comprehensive list of numerous indeclinable words is provided, with explanations of their meanings and usage in various grammatical contexts. This section highlights the systematic nature of Sanskrit grammar, where each word's form and function are meticulously defined. The text explores concepts like "avyaya-saṁjñā" (the designation of indeclinables) and the nuances of their application in compound words and sentences.
Sutra 1.1.31 (चादयोऽसत्त्वे / Cādayo'sattve): This sutra continues the discussion on indeclinables (avyaya), providing an extensive list of these words and their meanings. It clarifies that indeclinables are words that remain unchanged regardless of grammatical case, gender, or number. The text meticulously explains the etymology and usage of a vast array of Sanskrit indeclinables, illustrating their application with examples. The discourse delves into the subtle aspects of identifying indeclinables and their role in Sanskrit sentence structure.
Sutra 1.1.32 (विभक्तिप्रतिरूपकाः / Vibhakti-pratirūpakāḥ): This section addresses words that resemble grammatical case endings (vibhakti) but are indeclinable. It explains that these words, despite their case-like endings, do not undergo grammatical changes. The text provides examples and discusses the concept of "sthānivat-bhāva" (treating a derived form as if it were the original) in grammar.
Sutra 1.1.33 (डत्यतु सङ्ख्यावत् / Ḍatyatu saṅkhyāvat): This sutra focuses on specific suffixes, 'ḍa' (ड) and 'atu' (तु), which, when attached to words, render them similar to numbers (saṅkhyā). It explains how these suffixes imbue words with numerical meaning, thereby classifying them as indeclinables. The text provides examples of such words and discusses their grammatical function.
Sutra 1.1.34 (क-समासेऽध्यर्धः / Ka-samāse'dhyardhaḥ): This sutra deals with the grammatical treatment of the word 'ardha' (half) when it forms a compound word, particularly in relation to numerical concepts. It explains how 'ardha' combined with numbers can function similarly to numbers themselves, often being designated as indeclinables. The text discusses the specific rules and exceptions governing such formations.
Sutra 1.1.35 (क्त्वातुमम् / Ktvātumam): This section covers the indeclinable suffixes 'kvā' (क्त्वा) and 'tum' (तुमुँ), explaining their grammatical role and how they form indeclinable compounds. It clarifies the rules for their usage and provides examples to illustrate their application in Sanskrit sentence construction. The text also discusses the significance of the 'm' (म्) sound in certain grammatical contexts related to these suffixes.
Sutra 1.1.36 (गतिः / Gatiḥ): This sutra deals with words denoting motion and their grammatical treatment as indeclinables. It explains how verbs indicating movement, when used in certain contexts, acquire indeclinable status. The text provides examples of such words and discusses their nuances in Sanskrit grammar.
Sutra 1.1.37 (अनन्तः पञ्चम्याः प्रत्ययः / Anantaḥ pañcamyāḥ pratyayaḥ): This sutra discusses words that are formed with suffixes derived from the fifth case (pañcamī vibhakti). It explains how these formations become indeclinable and the rules governing their usage. The text delves into the concept of 'it-saṁjñā' (the elision of certain letters) and its role in forming indeclinables.
Sutra 1.1.38 (डत्यतु सङ्ख्यावत् / Ḍatyatu saṅkhyāvat): This sutra focuses on suffixes 'ḍa' and 'atu', explaining that when appended to words, they lend them a numerical quality, thus making them indeclinable. The text explores the grammatical implications of this numerical attribute.
Sutra 1.1.39 (क-समासेऽध्यर्धः / Ka-samāse'dhyardhaḥ): This sutra revisits the concept of 'ardha' (half) in compound formation, particularly when 'ka' (क) is involved. It clarifies the grammatical rules governing such compounds and their assimilation into the indeclinable category.
Sutra 1.1.40 (बहुगणं भेदे / Bahugaṇaṃ bhede): This sutra discusses the indeclinability of words like 'bahu' (many) and 'gaṇa' (group/collection) when they signify 'difference' (bheda). It explains how these words, when used in the context of plurality or distinction, acquire indeclinable status.
Sutra 1.1.41 (क-समासेऽध्यर्धः / Ka-samāse'dhyardhaḥ): This sutra further elaborates on the indeclinability of 'ardha' (half) when it appears in a compound word, specifically with the 'ka' (क) suffix. It details the rules that govern such formations and their classification as indeclinables.
Sutra 1.1.42 (अर्धपूर्वः पूरणः / Ardha-pūrvaḥ pūraṇaḥ): This final sutra in the provided excerpt deals with the concept of 'pūraṇa' (ordinal numbers) when preceded by 'ardha' (half). It explains how such combinations are treated grammatically and their relation to numerical concepts, often acquiring indeclinable status.

Overall Significance:

This part of the Shabdanushasanam, as translated and elucidated by Jagdishbhai, offers a detailed and accessible exploration of complex Sanskrit grammatical rules. It is invaluable for students and scholars of Jainism and Sanskrit literature, providing deep insights into the structure and nuances of the language, as interpreted through the lens of Jain philosophy and tradition. The work emphasizes the meticulous and systematic approach of ancient Indian grammar, highlighting the profound understanding of language possessed by scholars like Hemchandracharya.

Note: The summary is based solely on the provided pages. A complete understanding of the entire volume would require access to its full content.