Shreshthivarya Shantidas - Book Summary

The book "Shreshthivarya Shantidas" by Mohanlal Dalichand Desai, published by Adhyatmagyan Prasarak Mandal, is a biographical account of the renowned Jain merchant and philanthropist Sheth Shantidas, a prominent figure in the Jain community, particularly in Ahmedabad. The book aims to shed light on the life, contributions, and historical significance of Shantidas and his lineage, filling a perceived gap in historical records concerning Jain personalities.

Here'al summary of the key aspects covered in the book, based on the provided text:

1. Introduction and Dedication:

The book is dedicated to Shri Kasturbhai Manibhai Premabhai of Ahmedabad, acknowledging his patronage and support in bringing the biography of Sheth Shantidas to fruition.
It highlights the esteemed reputation of Sheth Shantidas, a descendant of the Aswal clan, whose name is well-known throughout the Jain community.

2. Historical Context and Lineage:

The text emphasizes Shantidas's origin from the Sisodia Rajput lineage of Marwar, tracing his ancestry back to noble warriors and rulers of Mewar.
It discusses the significant role of the Kshatriya community in Jainism, noting that many Tirthankaras, including Lord Rishabhdev and Lord Mahavir, were born into Kshatriya families.
The book touches upon the historical shift of some Kshatriyas towards Jainism and then, due to various influences, some embraced Vedic Dharma while others continued as merchants, becoming known as Vania (Vaishya) or Oswal Vanias. Shantidas's lineage falls into this category, retaining Kshatriya valor alongside their merchant activities.

3. Sheth Shantidas's Life and Achievements:

Business Acumen: Shantidas was a renowned jeweler, gaining significant fame in his trade. He earned the title of "Nagarseth" (Head of the City) from Emperor Jahangir and even received the title of "Maternal Uncle of Jahangir's Mamaji" (Maternal Uncle's Brother) for aiding Akbar's Begum.
Royal Patronage and Influence: Shantidas had a close relationship with the Mughal emperors Akbar and Jahangir, holding a respected position in their courts. He successfully obtained significant concessions for Jain Tirths, such as Siddhachal, from Emperor Akbar.
Religious Contributions: Shantidas was instrumental in the establishment and growth of the Sagargachchh, a prominent Jain monastic order. He generously funded the construction of numerous Upashrayas (monasteries) and Jain temples across various cities in Gujarat and beyond, including Ahmedabad, Khambhat, Patan, Surat, Vadodara, Dabhoi, Bhavnagar, Sanand, Mehsana, and Rander. He also actively encouraged people to join the Sagargachchh through liberal donations and endowments.
The "Chintamani Mantra" Incident: The book recounts a significant event involving a Chintamani mantra. It clarifies that the individual who sought the benefits of this mantra was a different Shantidas from Surat, while the Shantidas of Ahmedabad, the subject of the book, ultimately reaped the rewards due to a twist of fate or karma. The text mentions Sage Nemsagar and Muktisagar as being present during the Chomasa (monsoon retreat) when the mantra was being attained. The common narrative attributes the mantra's success to Rajsagar Muni.
Construction of the Chintamani Parshvanath Temple: Shantidas commissioned the construction of a magnificent temple dedicated to Chintamani Parshvanath in Ahmedabad's Saraspur area. This temple, consisting of fifty-two Jinayatanas (temples dedicated to Jinas), was a grand structure. However, it was later destroyed by Aurangzeb, who converted it into a mosque, leading to widespread unrest in Gujarat. Shah Jahan, upon receiving Shantidas's petition, ordered its reconstruction. The text also mentions the existence of a secret tunnel connecting the temple to Shantidas's mansion in Zaveriwada, used to safeguard the idols during Muslim rule.

4. Descendants and Family Legacy:

The book meticulously traces the lineage of Shantidas, highlighting his five sons and their contributions.
Lakshmichand Sheth: One of Shantidas's sons, Lakshmichand Sheth, displayed remarkable financial acumen by lending a considerable sum to Prince Murad Bakhsh, one of Shah Jahan's sons, during the succession war. The text details the complex political and financial dealings involving Prince Murad, Aurangzeb, and other figures. It also mentions the family's continued influence and respect, with titles and privileges granted by subsequent rulers.
Khushaltchand Sheth: Lakshmichand's son, Khushaltchand Sheth, is described as a pillar of the Jain community, demonstrating great courage and contributing significantly to its prestige. The text narrates his role in navigating tumultuous political times, including intervening during periods of looting and conflict in Ahmedabad. His efforts were recognized by the city's populace, leading to hereditary rights and recognition.
Nathusha Sheth, Vakhatchand Sheth, Panabhai: The book continues to trace the lineage, mentioning subsequent generations like Nathusha Sheth, who received royal recognition. Vakhatchand Sheth is highlighted for his historical research and the compilation of the "History of Ahmedabad." His son, Hemabhai Nagarsheth, is lauded for his extensive philanthropic activities, including donations to hospitals, libraries, colleges, and various public welfare initiatives. Hemabhai's contributions to the Gujarat Vernacular Society and the establishment of educational institutions are noted. His family's influence extended to the state of Palitana, which was leased to them.
Premabhai Himabhai Nagarsheth: Hemabhai's son, Premabhai, continued the family tradition of philanthropy and service. He made substantial contributions to public causes and was awarded the title of "Rao Bahadur" by the Viceroy for his loyalty and services during the 1857-1858 Sepoy Mutiny. He was also a member of the Bombay Legislative Council and the President of the Ahmedabad Municipality.
Manibhai Nagarsheth: Premabhai's son, Manibhai, is described as a person of great compassion. He actively participated in public life, serving as a Municipal Commissioner and later as the President of the Municipality. His dedication to public service, even at the cost of his own health, is highlighted.
Chimanbhai Sheth: Manibhai's son, Chimanbhai, inherited the family's philanthropic spirit and leadership qualities. He held significant positions within the Jain community and public institutions, tragically passing away at a young age.
Dalpatbhai Bhagubhai and Lalbhai: The text also mentions Dalpatbhai Bhagubhai and his son Lalbhai, who played important roles in the Anandji Kalyanji Pedhi and the Jain Shwetambar Conference. Lalbhai's untimely demise was a significant loss to the Jain community.

5. Role in Jain Religious Movements:

The book discusses the establishment and propagation of the Sagargachchh, emphasizing the efforts of Acharyas like Rajsagar Suri. Shantidas played a crucial role in supporting and establishing this lineage, facilitating the taking of vows and promoting Jain practices through generous donations.
The text mentions the presence of prominent Jain monks and scholars during Shantidas's time, such as Upadhyay Shri Manvijayji, Yashovijayji, Gyanvimalsuri, Vijaysensuri, Vijaysinhsuri, and Rajasagarsuri, whose discourses Shantidas actively attended.

6. Historical Records and Sources:

The book relies on various historical sources, including "ras" (narrative poems), genealogies (barot-vahi), royal decrees, and historical accounts like "History of Ahmedabad" by M.V. Fate.
It acknowledges discrepancies in historical accounts and critically evaluates them, often favoring the information derived from the original "ras" texts.

7. Impact and Legacy:

The narrative portrays Shantidas and his descendants as highly influential figures who significantly contributed to the prosperity, social welfare, and religious development of Ahmedabad and Gujarat.
Their generosity, leadership, and commitment to Jain principles left an indelible mark on the community and the region's history. The book highlights their ability to bridge the gap between ruling powers and the populace, earning respect and recognition from both.

In essence, "Shreshthivarya Shantidas" is a comprehensive exploration of the life and times of a remarkable Jain patriarch, showcasing his multifaceted contributions to business, society, and the Jain faith, as well as the enduring legacy of his family through generations.