Sharir Ka Rup Aur Karm

This document is a scholarly work by Anandprasad Jain titled "Sharir Ka Rup aur Karm" (The Form of the Body and Karma), published by Akhil Vishva Jain Mission in Patna on March 17, 1953. The author, holding a B.Sc. in Engineering, presents a scientific perspective on the Jain philosophy of karma, attempting to reconcile it with modern scientific theories, particularly the atomic and electronic theories.

Here's a breakdown of the key themes and arguments presented in the text:

1. The Scientific Basis of Form and Action:

• Molecules as Building Blocks: Jain explains that the external form of any object is a collection of molecules. Molecules are the smallest indivisible units that possess all the properties of the substance. These molecules, in turn, are composed of fundamental particles (atoms, electrons, protons, neutrons) which Jain refers to as "Vidyut-kan" (electric particles) or "Pudgal" in Jain terminology.
• Vargana and Molecular Structure: Jain equates molecules with "Vargana" (classifications or groupings of matter) in Jain scriptures. The properties, effects, and nature of any molecule, and thus any object, are determined by its internal structure, the composition and arrangement of these fundamental particles. Even minor changes in the number, position, or interaction of these particles can transform one molecule into another, leading to a change in the object itself. This is supported by modern chemistry.
• Causality of Form and Function: The book emphasizes that the form, properties, and functions of any entity, whether it's a crystal, an inanimate object, or a living organism, are directly determined by the structure of the molecules (Vargana) that constitute it.

2. The Body as a Molecular Organization:

• Complexity of the Human Body: The human body is presented as an incredibly complex organization of an infinite number of Vargana. The diversity and number of these Vargana are far greater than in any other object.
• Body-Machine Analogy: Jain draws parallels between electrical and steam-powered machines and the human body. Just as the function of a machine depends on its construction and the input of power (electricity or steam), the actions of the body are determined by its structure and the presence of the soul (Atma) or life force. The machine and the power source work in conjunction.
• Influence of Physical Form on Actions: The author uses vivid analogies like a person trapped in an animal's skin or a horse's corpse animated by a human soul to illustrate how the physical structure dictates actions, regardless of the internal consciousness. A lame person cannot walk straight, and a bird with weak wings cannot fly far. These limitations are due to the specific structure of the Vargana forming those parts.

3. The Role of Mind and Soul:

• Mind as Molecular Organization: The mind is also described as being composed of specific "Mano-vargana" (mind-molecules) with their own unique properties. The thoughts and actions of the mind are determined by the structure of these mind-molecules.
• Soul and Body Interaction: The book clarifies that while the body is a structure of "Pudgal" (matter), the consciousness, sensations, and actions are a result of the soul's presence. The soul (Atma) is the conscious entity that experiences pleasure and pain and is considered the "experiencer" (Bhokta), while the body is the instrument that performs actions. The soul itself is pure, and "karma" is a quality of the body, influenced by the soul's presence.
• Life Force (Jeevani Shakti): The vital life force is what animates the physical body, much like electricity animates a machine. The cessation of this life force leads to the decay of the physical body.

4. Karma and its Manifestation:

• Karma as Vargana Interaction: The text posits that karma is essentially the interaction and transformation of these Vargana, both internal and external. The "fate" or "luck" experienced by an individual is a result of these ongoing processes.
• Birth and Destiny: The specific birth of a soul in a particular species, location, and family is attributed to the influence of these Vargana, providing a justification for the concept of destiny in Jainism through a scientific lens.
• Universal Interconnectedness: Jain emphasizes the interconnectedness of all things. The actions of individuals and nations influence each other, and this collective karma shapes the destiny of the world. True happiness and peace can only be achieved through universal understanding and cooperation.

5. Jainism as a Scientific and Universal Philosophy:

• Anantātmaka (Multifold Aspect): Jainism's approach of considering things from multiple perspectives ("Anēkāntavāda") is highlighted as wisdom and the true path.
• Equality and Non-discrimination: The core message of Jainism, which advocates for equality, non-discrimination, and viewing all beings as essentially the same at the soul level, is presented as the true humanity and the foundation of true religion. Differences in nature arise from the configuration of Vargana, not from inherent superiority or inferiority of souls.
• Social Responsibility: The author stresses the responsibility of individuals, societies, and governments to provide equal opportunities for education and progress, especially to those who are disadvantaged. Neglecting this duty is seen as a failure in both religious and humanistic principles.
• Critique of Dogmatism and Superstition: The text criticizes the prevailing religious dogma, superstitions, and the vested interests of religious leaders that prevent the dissemination of true knowledge and hinder human progress. It argues that this lack of true knowledge is the root cause of conflict and war.
• Call to Action: The Akhil Vishva Jain Mission's efforts to spread the message of non-violence, truth, and self-knowledge, particularly in Western countries, are lauded. The author urges individuals to support this mission through donations, membership, and propagation of its literature.

In essence, "Sharir Ka Rup aur Karm" is an attempt to bridge the gap between Jain philosophy and modern scientific understanding by interpreting the concept of karma and the physical form through the lens of molecular science. It argues that the Jain concept of "Vargana" can be understood as molecules and their arrangements, which scientifically explain the diversity of forms and actions in the universe. The book advocates for a rational and scientific approach to understanding spiritual principles, promoting equality, and working towards universal well-being.