Shad Darshan Samucchaya Ki Samiksha

Here's a comprehensive summary in English of the provided Jain text, focusing on the review of Pandit Mahendrakumar Nyayacharya's edition and translation of "Shad Darshan Samucchaya":

This review, written by Dr. Sagarmal Jain, focuses on the scholarly work of Pandit Mahendrakumar Nyayacharya, particularly his edited and translated version of Acharya Haribhadra's "Shad Darshan Samucchaya" (Collection of Six Philosophies) with Gunaratna's commentary. Published by Bharatiya Jnanpith in 1969, ten years after Pandit Mahendrakumar's passing, the work is lauded for its significance in presenting Indian philosophical systems.

The reviewer highlights that Acharya Haribhadra is considered the first to authentically and impartially present the principles of all major Indian philosophies within a single text. While other ancient scholars like Mallavadi (in his Dwadashar Nayachakra), Shankar (in Sarvasiddhanta Sangraha), and Madhvacharya (in Sarvadarshana Sangraha) also compiled philosophical doctrines, their primary objective was to refute opposing views and establish the superiority of their own doctrines. Haribhadra, however, is unique in his liberal and broad perspective, offering a presentation of the six philosophies that is impartial and respectful, without the intent of refutation. His works, including "Shad Darshan Samucchaya" and "Shastra Varta Samucchaya," demonstrate a profound respect for other traditions and an accurate representation of their tenets.

The review then shifts to Gunaratna's commentary on Haribhadra's work. While acknowledging the importance of the commentary, Dr. Jain notes that Gunaratna's commentary does not entirely uphold the same liberal spirit as the original text. Specifically, the fourth chapter of the commentary includes a critique of other philosophical schools alongside the presentation of Jainism, a feature not present in Haribhadra's original verses. The commentary also dedicates a significant portion, over half, to the exposition of Jain philosophy, leading to an imbalance in the discussion compared to Haribhadra's original work.

The reviewer then praises Pandit Mahendrakumar Nyayacharya's meticulous work in scientifically editing and translating the "Shad Darshan Samucchaya" along with Gunaratna's commentary. Despite earlier publications of the original text with commentaries, Pandit Mahendrakumar's edition is considered the first to be scientifically edited with a Hindi translation, a task that likely involved considerable effort in collating various manuscripts. The reviewer expresses regret that Pandit Mahendrakumar was unable to write his own preface or see the work published during his lifetime, but the extensive effort invested in translating and refining the text is evident from the fact that he continued his revisions and annotations until his death.

A key aspect of the review focuses on Pandit Mahendrakumar's translation style. The reviewer emphasizes that his translation is remarkably simple and easy to understand, even more so than the original commentary. This clarity is achieved not by merely translating the literal words, but by expanding on the meaning and presenting the subject matter in a way that is accessible to the common reader. He avoids complex Sanskritized vocabulary, opting for everyday language and even incorporating Urdu and English words where appropriate to facilitate comprehension. Examples are provided to illustrate how he clarifies complex philosophical concepts with relatable analogies and explanations, demonstrating a deep understanding of the subject rather than mere linguistic proficiency.

Dr. Jain highlights Pandit Mahendrakumar's ability to *distinguish between the purvapaksha (opponent's view) and uttarapaksha (rejoinder) by using clear headings, making the arguments and counter-arguments easily discernible for the reader. His scholarly depth is further evidenced by the numerous citations and references to both Jain and non-Jain texts in his annotations, suggesting a profound and multifaceted understanding of Indian philosophy. The appended materials, such as the "Laghu Vritti" by Manibhadra, the anonymous commentary, and various indices, showcase his expertise in the art of scientific editing.

In conclusion, the reviewer asserts that Pandit Mahendrakumar Nyayacharya's Hindi rendition of Gunaratna's commentary on "Shad Darshan Samucchaya" is not merely a translation but an independent and lucid interpretation. This work is considered a significant contribution to the field of Indian philosophy, solidifying his reputation as a scholar capable of making even the most complex philosophical ideas understandable. His ability to bring clarity and accessibility to such profound texts is a testament to his exceptional talent and will ensure his lasting remembrance in the scholarly world.