Sarv Dharm Samanvay Anagrah Drushti

Here is a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Sarv Dharm Samanvay Anagrah Drushti" by Amarmuni, based on the provided pages:

The book "Sarv Dharm Samanvay Anagrah Drushti" (Universal Religious Harmony: An Unprejudiced Perspective) by Amarmuni emphasizes the fundamental essence of religion and advocates for a harmonious understanding of all faiths. The core argument presented is that "Dharma" is that which sustains existence. Just as every entity, whether animate or inanimate, possesses an intrinsic element that maintains its being, religion too has a core essence. This essential element, like the soul in a human, is immutable and eternal, while the external forms and practices of religion are like the body, which can change over time and context.

The author highlights that while scriptures like the Vedas, Agama Sutras, Tripitaka, Bible, and Quran are considered authoritative by their respective followers, a neutral observation reveals a common underlying principle that operates across all religions – this is the eternal and unchanging truth.

The text identifies non-violence (Ahimsa), truthfulness (Satya), non-stealing (Asteya), celibacy/chastity (Brahmacharya), and non-possession (Aparigraha) as the fundamental and eternal principles of Dharma. All other religious and ethical rules are often based on these core tenets, making them secondary or derivative. However, the author cautions that these derivative principles can become the source of sectarianism.

The book explains that when religious principles move from theoretical ideals to practical application, they become bound by time and place, leading to the formation of sectarian groups or traditions (Sampraday). While sects are beneficial for propagating the core principles of religion, they can become problematic when they give rise to rigid traditions and customs. These customs can obscure the fundamental tenets of religion, much like dark clouds can hide the sun, leading the sect astray and causing harm to society and the world.

To combat sectarianism, the author proposes addressing two root causes: blind faith and the egoistic belief in one's own views as absolute and universally correct. It is not necessary to adhere to every rule established in ancient times if it has become impractical or irrelevant. Instead, there should be a wise effort to adapt existing practices to current time and place, without necessarily rejecting or fundamentally altering all past traditions.

The text criticizes the arrogance of believing oneself to be fully correct while others are wrong, a tendency that hinders religious understanding. The Jain principles of Anekantavada (Plurality of Standpoints) and Syadvada (Conditional Predication) are presented as a solution to this. These principles advocate that until one attains omniscience, it is inaccurate to declare one's own perspective as the sole truth. Every issue has multiple facets, and a limited understanding should acknowledge the possibility of other valid viewpoints, recognizing that a practical truth is valid within a specific context.

The author calls for unity based on mutual respect and understanding, where the religious realities of other faiths are not diminished but rather appreciated as valuable expressions of truth. The emphasis is on the human elements of love, compassion, and empathy that are present in all religious expressions. The future of humanity lies in religion, and a comparative study of religions prevents one from becoming rigidly dogmatic within their own sect.

The text advocates for a dialogue with the world and not merely a formless unity of religions. It stresses the importance of retaining valuable spiritual insights that arise from diversity. The goal is to integrate differences in family life, national life, and spiritual life, ensuring the integrity of each while fostering unity. Unity should be a living reality, not just a slogan. The future of religion lies in experimental religion, and the spiritual world is moving in this direction.

In conclusion, the book asserts that strengthening the principles and faith of all religions is the foundation for universal religious harmony. It urges a shift from rigid adherence to sectarian rituals described in religious texts to the practical application of living religion. By uniting the core beliefs of all faiths, a model of harmony can be established, facilitated by mutual respect and love. This approach, which dispels the notion of being the sole possessor of truth, allows for a broader perspective where others' views are also considered valid to some extent. Adapting to time and place is also crucial for this harmony.

The ultimate essence of Dharma is described as pure knowledge and detached contemplation (Vitraag-bhav). As attachment and aversion decrease within the inner self, the light of detached Dharma shines brighter. True Dharma is free from conflict. The impure state of consciousness, marked by attachment, aversion, and resultant negative emotions and violence, is considered non-Dharma and the root of worldly bondage. Liberation (Moksha) is the state of complete freedom from these afflictions. Therefore, the gradual reduction of attachment and aversion and the development of detachment are essential for spiritual progress.

The book clearly distinguishes between Dharma and Sampraday (sect). Sects inspired by detachment are valuable, whereas sects devoid of detachment are mere "Sampradah" (flowing streams of negativity) that spread hatred and animosity. For inner peace, it is essential to be free from such detrimental sects.