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Saraswati 1935 07

Added to library: September 2, 2025

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Summary

The text you provided is a collection of articles and literary pieces from the July 1935 issue of the Hindi magazine "Saraswati" (Volume 36, Issue 2, Number 428). The articles cover a wide range of topics, from poetry and literature to social commentary, travelogue, and historical events. Here's a comprehensive summary in English, broken down by the major themes and articles present in the text:

Overall Publication Details:

  • Title: Saraswati (सरस्वती)
  • Issue: July 1935 (जुलाई १६३५)
  • Volume: 36, Issue 2, Full Number 428
  • Editors: Devidutta Shukla, Shreenath Sinh
  • Publisher: Indian Press Limited, Prayag (Allahabad)
  • Catalog Link: https://jainqq.org/explore/035248/1
  • Usage Note: JAIN EDUCATION INTERNATIONAL FOR PRIVATE AND PERSONAL USE ONLY

Key Themes and Articles:

  1. Mahabharat Advertisement (Page 2):

    • A prominent advertisement for a new, illustrated Hindi translation of the Mahabharata.
    • It describes the Mahabharata as the "Pancham Veda" and a treasure trove of sociology, economics, philosophy, ethics, politics, poetry, and narratives.
    • It highlights the virtue and character studies within, which can uplift readers from their "wretched condition" to "heroic deeds."
    • The publication is detailed as being in 41 installments (10 volumes), featuring color and black-and-white illustrations, printed on high-quality paper with clear Hindi language.
    • The price is mentioned as ₹50 in cash for the full set, or ₹60 in installments for 10 volumes.
    • Readers are urged to order quickly as individual issues are not available.

  2. Table of Contents (Pages 5-8):

    • This section provides a detailed list of articles, poems, and their respective authors, covering a vast array of subjects and literary styles. The sheer volume and diversity of topics indicate a comprehensive and multifaceted magazine.

  3. Travelogue: "Europe - As I Saw It" (Pages 13-18):

    • This is the first article in a series by Mr. Harikeshav Ghosh, the General Manager of the Indian Press, detailing his European journey.
    • The trip's purpose included improving "Saraswati" into a representative and well-organized Hindi magazine.
    • He describes his initial apprehension about sea travel but found the experience comfortable. He praises the Italian Line's ship "S.S. Contareso" for its excellent and diverse food (including Indian options), the politeness of the staff, and the attention to personal requests.
    • He notes the cosmopolitan nature of the ship's passengers from various parts of the world, providing opportunities for cultural exchange.
    • He reflects on the intellectual stimulation of international travel, mentioning conversations with a Chinese merchant about China's current situation and Chinese youth seeking education abroad.
    • He also highlights the positive experiences of Indian students in Europe and emphasizes the need for India to prepare its youth for global competition through comprehensive vocational training.
    • He briefly touches upon seeing glimpses of Egypt (Pyramids, mummies) during the journey.

  4. Social and Political Commentary:

    • "What is Swaraj?" (Pages 98-100): An article by Bhai Permanand Ji, an MLA, discussing the various interpretations of "Swaraj." He argues that the core of Swaraj lies not just in changing the form of government but in transforming the character of the people to uphold national identity, principles, and virtues, contrasting this with superficial adoption of foreign ways or mere religious conversion.
    • "Italy and Abyssinia" (Pages 223-224): This article discusses the geopolitical tensions between Italy and Abyssinia, with Italy under Mussolini showing imperialistic ambitions. It highlights the League of Nations' potential ineffectiveness and the arms race in Europe, hinting at an impending conflict.
    • "China's Plight" (Pages 234-238): This article describes the dire situation in Xinjiang (Chinese Turkestan), which remains under Chinese control while other regions like Tibet, Mongolia, and Manchuria have fallen under foreign influence (Russia and Japan). It details the internal conflicts, the rise of Chinese Turkic leaders, and the increasing influence of Russia in the region, posing a concern for China and India.
    • "The Need for Change in the Education System" (Pages 24-27): Written by Khushalmani Parvatiya, this article critiques the existing education system in India, citing high unemployment rates among educated individuals. It argues that the system is flawed, focusing too much on rote learning and foreign languages (English) while neglecting vocational and practical skills. It advocates for a curriculum that includes vocational training from the primary level, mother-tongue medium of instruction, and a focus on holistic development.
    • "Shajahan and the Taj Mahal" (Page 13): A featured image with a caption about Shajahan and the Taj Mahal, indicating the magazine's inclusion of historical and artistic subjects.
    • "Babu Shivprasad Gupta" (Pages 30-35): A biographical piece on Babu Shivprasad Gupta, a prominent figure known for his Hindi advocacy and national service. It details his birth, education, involvement in social and political movements, imprisonment, and philanthropic activities like the establishment of "Gyanmandal Yantralaya" and "Kashi Vidyapeeth."
    • "Divorce: For and Against" (Pages 36-40): This article discusses the concept of divorce, arguing for its prevalence and necessity in civilized society. It critiques traditional viewpoints and highlights the need for reform in marriage laws, referencing cross-cultural examples.
    • "Bhushan ka Dooshan" (Pages 42-44): A critical review of the poet Bhushan, questioning the "heroic" nature of his poetry ("Shivabavani"). The author argues that it is not a true representation of heroism but rather fueled by communal hatred and exploitative sentiment. It suggests that genuine heroism lies in fighting against injustice, not in degrading the enemy.

  5. Literary and Cultural Pieces:

    • "Akanksha" (Ambition) (Page 118): A poem by Sumitranandan Pant, expressing aspirations for renewal and a brighter future.
    • "Koyal" (Cuckoo) (Pages 4-6, Article 25): A poem by Sumitranandan Pant.
    • "Amrit" (Nectar) (Pages 4-6, Article 7): An article discussing nectar.
    • "Konark ki Yatra" (Journey to Konark) (Pages 5-6, Article 26): A detailed travelogue by Anup Sharma describing a visit to the Konark Sun Temple, its architecture, historical significance, and the journey to reach it.
    • "Yah Pagdhwani Meri Pehchani" (That Footstep, Mine Recognizable) (Pages 9-10, Article 62): A poem by Kunwar Harishchandev Verma 'Chatak'.
    • "Sangeetmay Marwar" (Musical Marwar) (Pages 6-7, Article 109): An article by Balkrishna Poddar describing the rich musical traditions of the Marwar region, including folk songs, instruments, and the role of Bhope-Bhopin singers. It highlights the beauty and cultural significance of these songs.
    • "Deen-Nath" (Page 100): A story by Atmaram Devkar, likely a narrative focused on a character named Deen-Nath.
    • "Malli aur Sikandar ka Muqabala" (Mallikas vs. Alexander's Contest) (Pages 7-8, Article 83): An article by Vanmaliprasad Shukla recounting a historical anecdote about Alexander's encounter with Indian fighters.
    • "Bhushan ka Mahatva" (The Importance of Bhushan) (Pages 7-8, Article 81): An article discussing the poet Bhushan.
    • "Roop" (Form/Beauty) (Pages 8, Article 99): An article by Kunwar Rajendra Singh, likely exploring philosophical or artistic aspects of "form."
    • "Bahurupiya Sadhu" (The Disguised Ascetic) (Pages 6-7, Article 72): A story by Dharamvir, likely a narrative featuring a disguised character.
    • "Govindchandrika" (Pages 6-7, Article 36): An article discussing a poetic work titled "Govindchandrika" by Kavi Ichharam, comparing it to Keshavdas's "Ramchandrika" and highlighting its literary merits.
    • "Mariyada aur Pratishtha" (Dignity and Prestige) (Pages 6-7, Article 119): An article by Krishna Mohan.

  6. Social Issues and Reform:

    • "Is Swaraj Really Achieved?" (Pages 6-7, Article 124): An article by Bhai Permanand Ji on the meaning and attainment of Swaraj.
    • "The Responsibility of Hindu Society in the Abduction of Women" (Pages 7-8, Article 58): An article addressing a serious social issue.
    • "Jaagrat Mahilayein" (Awakened Women) (Pages 6-7, Article 39): This section includes articles discussing the role of women in society and cinema. It highlights the need for respectful portrayal and careful consideration of women's roles in films, contrasting Indian traditions with Western influences.
    • "Marriage of Convenience" (Pages 132-133, Article 104): An article by Markandeya Vajpayee discussing peculiar marriage customs.
    • "The Plight of Koyta" (Pages 5-6, Article 28): An article detailing the devastating impact of the Koyta earthquake, describing the destruction, rescue efforts, and the resilience of the people.
    • "Koyta mein Pralay" (Cataclysm in Koyta) (Pages 6-7, Article 29): Another account of the Koyta earthquake, likely providing more details about the tragedy and its aftermath.
    • "Bida" (Farewell) (Pages 7-8, Article 74): A poem by Narendra.
    • "Beeeta Vaibhav" (Faded Glory) (Pages 7-8, Article 75): A poem by Chhailbihari Dixit 'Kantak'.
    • "Brat-seals ka Ant" (End of Brotherhood) (Pages 6-7, Article 62): A poem by Kunwar Someshwarsingh.
    • "Ranga Siyar" (The Painted Jackal) (Pages 8, Article 95): A story by Pandit Mohanlal Nehru, likely a moral tale.
    • "Vyarth Prayas" (Futile Effort) (Pages 8, Article 105): An article by Nagendra Nath Gupta.
    • "Shiksha-Pranali mein Parivartan ki Avashyakta" (Need for Change in the Education System) (Pages 24-27): An article by Khushalmani Parvatiya, critiquing the education system and suggesting reforms for better vocational training and societal relevance.
    • "Saraswati Ka Vyakti" (The Individual of Saraswati) (Pages 7-8, Article 113): Possibly an editorial note or an article about a person related to Saraswati.
    • "Samanayik Sahitya" (Contemporary Literature) (Pages 7-8, Articles 117): A section reviewing or discussing current literary trends.
    • "Sindavalochan" (Retrospect) (Pages 8, Article 119): An article reflecting on past events or developments.
    • "Su-damapuri Ka Kalakar" (The Artist of Sudamapuri) (Pages 10-11, Article 120): An article by Shankardev Vidylankar about an artist from Sudamapuri.
    • "Sangitamay Marwad" (Musical Marwar) (Pages 8, Article 109): An article by Balkrishna Poddar about the musical traditions of Marwar.
    • "Talak" (Divorce) (Pages 8, Article 49): An article discussing the topic of divorce.
    • "Jugnu-Geet" (Firefly Song) (Pages 8, Article 46): A poem by Mohanlal Mahto.
    • "Bhushan ka Dooshan" (The Flaw of Bhushan) (Pages 8, Article 80): A critical analysis of the poet Bhushan.
    • "Konark ki Yatra" (Journey to Konark) (Pages 5-6, Article 26): A travelogue to the Konark Sun Temple.
    • "Kaling Yuddh" (The Kalinga War) (Pages 6-7, Article 24): A poetic or narrative description of the Kalinga War.
    • "Rasa" (Essence/Juice) (Pages 6, Article 67): An article by Kunwar Rajendra Singh.
    • "Chitthi-Patri" (Correspondence) (Pages 6, Article 37): A section for letters or correspondence.
    • "Talaq" (Divorce) (Pages 8, Article 49): The article discusses the societal implications and necessity of divorce.
    • "Jagraat Mahilayein" (Awakened Women) (Pages 6-7, Article 39): This piece discusses the presence and roles of Indian women in cinema. It advocates for the respectful portrayal of women in films and highlights the need for directors to consider their cultural sensitivities. It mentions actresses who have performed well in films that respected traditional roles.
    • "Koyte ka Pralay" (The Koyta Cataclysm) (Pages 6-7, Article 28): An article detailing the devastating earthquake in Koyta, describing the destruction, rescue efforts, and the challenges faced by survivors.
    • "Koyte ka Pralaykari Bhukamp" (The Devastating Koyta Earthquake) (Pages 5-6, Article 29): Another account of the Koyta earthquake, likely providing more details about the tragedy and its aftermath.
    • "Bharat mein Audyogik Unnati ka Prashna" (The Question of Industrial Development in India) (Pages 7-8, Article 78): Discusses India's industrial progress and challenges.
    • "Bhartiya Joint Stock Bank" (Indian Joint Stock Banks) (Pages 7-8, Article 79): An article by Premnarayan Mathur examining the state and development of Indian joint-stock banks.
    • "Bhooshan ka Dusahan" (The Demerit of Bhushan) (Pages 8, Article 81): A critical analysis of the poet Bhushan, questioning the nationalistic value of his poetry.
    • "Manav Sharir ke Adbhut Karya" (The Wonderful Functions of the Human Body) (Pages 8, Article 85): An article by Dr. Gadgil explaining the marvels of the human body.
    • "Mohammad Iqbal aur Unki Shayari" (Mohammad Iqbal and His Poetry) (Pages 8, Article 86): An article by Professor Indranath Madan, likely discussing the works and influence of the poet Muhammad Iqbal.
    • "Meri Kavita" (My Poem) (Pages 8, Article 88): A poem by Balkrishna Rao.
    • "Apna Khayal" (My Thoughts) (Pages 8, Article 60): An article by Kunwar Harishchandev Verma 'Chatak'.
    • "Vidya Prapti ka Marg" (The Path to Knowledge Acquisition) (Pages 8, Article 110): An article discussing the acquisition of knowledge.
    • "Saraswati" (Pages 8, Article 114): Editorial notes or commentary.
    • "Saral Samasya" (A Simple Problem) (Pages 8, Article 115): A poem by Jeevan.
    • "Sarita" (River) (Pages 8, Article 116): A poem by Kunwar Harishchandev Verma 'Chatak'.
    • "Samayik Sahitya" (Contemporary Literature) (Pages 8, Article 117): A section reviewing or discussing current literary trends.
    • "Sahitya mein Sanketvad" (Symbolism in Literature) (Pages 8, Article 118): An article by Gulabprasad Shakhal, exploring symbolism in literature.
    • "Sinhavalokan" (Retrospect) (Pages 8, Article 119): An article reflecting on past events or developments.
    • "Sudamapuri ka Kalakar" (The Artist of Sudamapuri) (Pages 10-11, Article 120): An article by Shankardev Vidyalankar about an artist from Sudamapuri.
    • "Swagat-Geet" (Welcome Song) (Pages 8, Article 121): A welcome song.
    • "Swadeshi mein Adchan" (Obstacles in Swadeshi) (Pages 8, Article 122): An article by Pandit Mohanlal Nehru discussing challenges in promoting Swadeshi.
    • "Swarg ka ek Kona" (A Corner of Heaven) (Pages 8, Article 123): A poem by Mahadevi Verma.
    • "Swrajya kya hai?" (What is Swaraj?) (Pages 8, Article 124): An article by Bhai Permanand Ji.
    • "Hadis" (Pages 8, Article 125): An article about Hadith.
    • "Hamare Prant ke Vishwavidyalayo mein Pali-Bhasha ka Adhyayan" (Study of Pali Language in the Universities of Our Province) (Pages 8, Article 126): An article advocating for the inclusion of Pali language studies in university curricula.
    • "Has-Parihas" (Humor and Jest) (Pages 8, Article 127): A humorous piece.
    • "He Devi" (O Goddess) (Pages 8, Article 128): A poem by Jagannath Prasad.

  7. Featured Images:

    • The text includes several illustrations, including:
      • "Shajahan and the Taj Mahal" (Page 12)
      • "Usha aur Chitralekha" (Dawn and Chitralekha) (Page 98)
      • "Mandir ke Dwar par" (At the Temple Gate) (Page 202)
      • "Chintamagna" (Deep in Thought) (Page 203)
      • "Bharat ka Phool" (Flower of India) (Page 203)
      • "Vah Pagdhwani Meri Pehchani" (That Footstep, Mine Recognizable) (Page 256)
      • "Sharad-Purnima" (Autumn Full Moon) (Page 257)
      • "Shiv-Shringar" (Adornment of Shiva) (Page 290)
      • Various images related to the Koyta earthquake (Pages 69-73)
      • Images of Japanese life and culture (Pages 99, 103, 235)
      • Images related to sports (Pages 195, 197, 207)
      • Images related to the Swadeshi movement and social reform (Pages 74-75)
      • Images related to historical figures and events.

Key Observations:

  • Diverse Content: The magazine covers a wide spectrum of Hindi literature, social issues, and current events, reflecting a commitment to providing comprehensive and engaging content to its readers.
  • Prominent Authors: The inclusion of prominent authors like Sumitranandan Pant, Rahul Sankrityayan, Mahadevi Verma, Munshi Premchand (though critically reviewed), and others highlights the magazine's standing in the literary world.
  • Social Commentary: Several articles engage with contemporary social issues such as the education system, women's roles, communal harmony, and poverty, indicating a magazine that is not just literary but also socially conscious.
  • Historical and Cultural Interest: Pieces on the Kalinga War, Konark Temple, historical figures like Babu Shivprasad Gupta, and various cultural practices demonstrate a strong interest in India's past and heritage.
  • Critique of Premchand: The article critically analyzing Munshi Premchand's story "Jeevan ka Shaap" by comparing it to his earlier work "Uljhan" is particularly noteworthy, highlighting a critical perspective on literary originality and adaptation.
  • Focus on Swadeshi and Social Reform: The magazine seems to promote the Swadeshi movement and various social reform agendas, including critiques of the education system and advocacy for women's rights.
  • Journalistic Reporting: Articles on events like the Koyta earthquake and the political situation in Europe show a commitment to reporting on significant current affairs.

This summary provides a broad overview of the "Saraswati" July 1935 issue. The depth and breadth of the content suggest it was a significant publication in Hindi literature and journalism of its time.