Sankheshwar Mahatirh

This Jain text, titled "Sankheshwar Mahatirh" (शंखेश्वर महातीर्थ), authored by Jayantvijay (जयंतविजय) and published by Vijaydharmsuri Jain Granthmala (श्रीविजयधर्मसूरी जैन ग्रन्थमाला), is a comprehensive exploration of the significant Jain pilgrimage site of Sankheshwar. The work, spanning two volumes, is meticulously compiled and researched, aiming to provide a detailed account of the Tirtha for pilgrims, scholars, and devotees.

Here's a breakdown of the key aspects of the book:

Overall Scope and Purpose:

The book's primary goal is to serve as an authoritative and informative guide to Sankheshwar Mahatirh. It aims to shed light on its history, religious significance, architectural marvels, and the practices associated with pilgrimage there. The author, Muniraj Shri Jayantvijayji, is recognized for his scholarly approach and dedication to preserving Jain heritage. The publisher, Vijaydharmasuri Jain Granthmala, is committed to disseminating important Jain literature.

Volume 1: Historical and Descriptive Account (भाग पहला—ખીજા):

This volume focuses on the historical and contemporary aspects of Sankheshwar. It is divided into several chapters and appendices, covering:

• Introduction and Publisher's Note: These sections introduce the author and the significance of Sankheshwar as an ancient and influential pilgrimage site. The publisher expresses gratitude for the opportunity to present this work and acknowledges the author's diligent research. Financial contributors are also recognized.
• Praise for Gurus: The text includes verses of praise for prominent Jain Acharyas, including Shri Vridhichandraji Maharaj and Shri Vijaydharmasuri Maharaj, highlighting their spiritual guidance and contributions.
• Pilgrimage Guidelines: A section is dedicated to providing general rules and recommendations for pilgrims undertaking a journey to a holy site. These include aspects like devotion, rituals, ethical conduct, fasting, celibacy, and contributing to religious institutions.
• Biographical Sketches: Brief biographies and tributes are offered to key patrons, notably Seth Motilal Muljibhai and Seth Shakarachand Motilal, whose support was crucial for the book's publication. The life and philanthropic activities of Seth Motilal Muljibhai are detailed, emphasizing his contributions to education, religious endeavors, and public welfare.
• Origin and History of the Tirtha: The book delves into the historical origins of Sankheshwar, tracing its roots back to ancient times. It discusses the etymology of the name and explores its early development, including references to the presence of Jain monks and the establishment of a 'Gachh' (sect or lineage).
• The Village of Sankheshwar: This section describes the village itself, its ancient status, and its current population and socio-economic conditions. It highlights the decline in the Jain population over centuries while acknowledging the Tirtha's continued prosperity.
• Routes to Sankheshwar: Detailed information is provided on various travel routes to Sankheshwar, including those accessible by rail and road, offering practical guidance for pilgrims. The book mentions specific modes of transport and travel conditions.
• Miracles and Divine Intervention: The text narrates several instances of miracles and divine interventions attributed to the presiding deities of Sankheshwar, which have reinforced the faith of devotees and contributed to the Tirtha's renown. These anecdotes illustrate the protective and benevolent nature of the divine powers associated with Sankheshwar.
• The Adhishthayak Devs (Presiding Deities): The book discusses the role of presiding deities, particularly Naga-raj Dharanendra and Devi Padmavati, in protecting the Tirtha and fulfilling the wishes of devotees. The author suggests that their active presence contributes to the miracles experienced at Sankheshwar.
• Pilgrimage and Consecration: The text outlines various types of pilgrimages and rituals performed at Sankheshwar, noting the presence of numerous idols and the historical accounts of various Sangh Yatras (pilgrimage processions) and the Jirnoddhar (renovation) of temples.
• Temple Architecture and Structure: A significant portion is dedicated to describing the architecture of the main temples, including the old ruins and the newly constructed 'Devavimana' (divine chariot) like structure. Details about the various Shikharas (spires), Sabhamandaps (assembly halls), Dehris (small shrines), and other structural elements are provided.
• Number of Idols and Other Details: The book meticulously enumerates the number of idols of various Tirthankaras and other deities within the different shrines and Dehris, providing a census of the sacred imagery.
• Dharmashalas and Other Buildings: Information is presented on the various Dharmashalas (pilgrim rest houses), Upashrayas (monasteries), libraries, and other facilities available for pilgrims and monks.
• Gardens and Pasture Land: The book also touches upon the 'Gauchar' (pasture land) and gardens associated with the Tirtha, noting their historical significance and present utilization.
• Festivals and Royal Patronage: The text details the major fairs held at Sankheshwar, particularly the one during Chaitri Purnima, and mentions the historical patronage and tax exemptions provided by the local rulers, highlighting the harmonious relationship between the Jain community and the state.
• Administration and Management: The current administrative structure of the Tirtha, managed by a committee from Ahmedabad, is discussed, along with its history and the need for improvements and financial support for various developmental projects.
• Financial Aspects and Donations: The book touches upon the annual income and expenses of the Tirtha, noting the reliance on pilgrim donations. It also emphasizes the need for contributions towards welfare activities and the upkeep of the site.
• Conclusion: The author concludes by reiterating the spiritual benefits and the importance of visiting Sankheshwar for seeking salvation and worldly well-being. He expresses hope that the book will inspire devotion and encourage pilgrimage.

Volume 2: Rituals, Stotras, and Other Compositions (भाग बीजो [कल्प–स्तोत्रादि–सन्दोह ]):

This volume is a compilation of various Jain scriptures, hymns, and literary works related to Sankhesheshwar. It includes:

• Prakrit-Sanskrit Section: This part contains Kalpha (rituals/codes) and Prabandhas (narratives), including the "Shri Parsvanath Kalpa Samkshep" by Shri Jinprabh Suri and "Shankheshwar Kalpa" by Shri Jinprabh Suri, and the "Shankheshwar Parshvanath Stotram" by Shri Munichandra Suri.
• Prakrit-Sanskrit Excerpts Section: This section includes various excerpts from renowned Jain texts that mention Sankheshwar or its significance.
• Gujarati-Hindi Section: This is a substantial part of the volume, containing a wide array of Gujarati and Hindi compositions related to Sankheshwar. It includes:
  • Stotras (Hymns): Numerous hymns and devotional songs (Stotras, Chhanda, Vandana, etc.) composed by various monks and scholars over centuries, praising Lord Parshvanath of Sankheshwar. These are cataloged with their authors and estimated periods of composition.
  • Shalaka (Epigraphs/Inscriptions): Collection and translation of numerous inscriptions found at Sankheshwar, providing historical data about renovations, idol installations, and patrons.
  • Chadhaliyu, Lavani, Rajgita, Pad: Various forms of devotional poetry and songs specific to the tradition.
• Gujarati Excerpts Section: Further excerpts from Gujarati literature that reference Sankheshwar.
• Anupurti Section (Supplement): This section includes additional findings or texts that came to light after the initial compilation, ensuring the book's completeness.

Key Themes and Contributions:

• Historical Accuracy: The author, Muniraj Shri Jayantvijayji, demonstrates a scholarly commitment to historical accuracy by referencing ancient texts, inscriptions, and archaeological evidence.
• Devotional Content: The second volume is a treasure trove of devotional literature, offering a rich collection of hymns and prayers that capture the deep reverence and faith associated with Sankheshwar.
• Comprehensive Coverage: The book aims to cover all essential aspects of Sankheshwar, from its historical origins and architectural grandeur to the practicalities of pilgrimage and the spiritual significance of its presiding deities.
• Preservation of Heritage: By compiling these texts, the author and publisher are contributing to the preservation of Jain literature and the history of this vital pilgrimage site.

In essence, "Sankheshwar Mahatirh" is a monumental work that serves as both a historical record and a devotional manual for understanding and experiencing the sanctity of Sankheshwar, one of the most important pilgrimage destinations in Jainism.