Samasya Ko Dekhna Sikhe - Book Summary

This is a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Samasya ko Dekhna Sikhe" (Learn to See Problems) by Acharya Mahapragna, published by Adarsh Sahitya Sangh. The book is a collection of philosophical and practical insights aimed at helping individuals navigate life's challenges from a spiritual and ethical perspective.

Core Theme:

The central message of the book is that problems are not inherently insurmountable; the real issue lies in our inability to perceive them correctly. By developing a "third eye" – a deeper, more insightful way of seeing – one can significantly reduce suffering and find effective solutions. The text emphasizes that true understanding and peace come from within, through self-awareness and spiritual discipline.

Key Concepts and Chapters:

The book is structured around various philosophical discussions, often presented as lectures or essays by Acharya Mahapragna. Here's a breakdown of key themes and concepts explored:

Seeing Problems Correctly: The fundamental premise is that the cycle of happiness and sorrow in life is perpetual. Humans often experience more sorrow because they don't know how to "see" their problems. If one learns to observe problems without aversion or escape, they become less daunting. The "third eye" awakens the spirit, reducing suffering.
Life and Philosophy (Jeevan aur Darshan): Life is presented as intrinsically linked to philosophy. Philosophy isn't just theoretical; it's a guide to living. The author differentiates between superficial seeing and deeper "seeing" that involves introspection and inner clarity. True seeing requires internal observation, not just external perception.
Philosophy and Intellectualism (Darshan aur Buddhiwad): The book distinguishes between genuine philosophical insight (Darshan) and mere intellectualism (Buddhiwad). While intellect analyzes and dissects, true philosophy comes from direct experience and inner realization. Intellectualism can be decorative and misleading, whereas philosophy is straightforward and rooted in reality. The ultimate source of philosophy is the inner self, not external reasoning.
Intellect and Experience (Buddhi aur Anubhuti): Modern society prioritizes intellect, but true understanding stems from direct experience. The dangers of both "shastra" (scriptures/knowledge without experience) and "shastra" (weapons) are highlighted. Purely intellectual pursuits without experiential grounding can be detrimental, leading to pride, attachment to words, and a disconnect from the true meaning.
Philosophy in Social Order (Samaj-Vyavastha mein Darshan): Society is viewed as an construct of interconnected individuals. True reality is the individual, while society is a collective understanding. The author explores the balance between individual freedom and societal order, emphasizing interdependence and mutual support as the foundation of society.
Liberation on the Societal Level (Mukti: Samaj ke Dharaatal par): Liberation (Moksha) is not solely an individual pursuit but also has implications for society. The text discusses how spiritual concepts like non-violence (Ahimsa) and non-possession (Aparigraha) evolve and impact societal values. It touches upon the evolution of religious thought and the integration of spiritual goals with practical living.
Living Religion: National Religion (Jivit Dharma: Rashtra Dharma): The author distinguishes between personal, "living" religion and organized religious institutions. True religion is an inner purity, while societal or national observances might be mere institutions. Duty can be national, stemming from responsibility, while ethics are about moral conduct. The importance of adapting religious principles to national policies and individual responsibility is discussed.
Hindu Nationalism is Representative, Not Caste or Religion: The text delves into the historical meaning of "Hindu," arguing that it originally referred to the people of the land (India, known as Hindustan or Bharatvarsha) rather than a specific religion or caste. The meaning has become narrowed over time due to historical influences. The author advocates for a broader, inclusive understanding of national identity.
The Problem of Unity (Ekta ki Samasya): Unity is explored as a complex interplay of sameness (Anubhuti - feeling of oneness) and difference (Anekta - diversity in needs and pursuits). Materialistic attractions and the pursuit of external achievements often fragment human unity. True unity arises from recognizing the shared humanity beneath superficial differences. The book identifies provincialism, casteism, language, and political parties as major obstacles to national unity.
The Restorative Power of Non-Violence (Ahimsa ki Pratikaratmak Shakti): Ahimsa (non-violence) is presented not just as refraining from harming but as a proactive, restorative force. It's contrasted with mere passive resistance. True non-violence is an inner strength that disarms aggression through its own power, not through retaliation or the use of weapons. It's about developing inner courage and conviction.
The Limits of Non-Violence (Ahimsa ki Maryada): Non-violence is not about weakness or cowardice. It's a powerful principle that requires immense inner strength and self-control. Its effectiveness lies in transforming the opponent, not necessarily in defeating them physically. It requires complete detachment from worldly possessions and desires.
World State or Coexistence (Vishva Rajya ya Sah-astitva): The world is a complex tapestry of diverse individuals, nations, and systems. Conflicts arise from these differences. Peace efforts should aim to prevent conflicts from escalating. The author suggests that genuine peace is rooted in spiritual principles, particularly coexistence and harmony, supported by a foundation of order, truth, fearlessness, and non-possession.
The Foundation of World Brotherhood (Vishva Bandhutva ke Sutra): World brotherhood is built on recognizing the inherent unity of all beings, the shared presence of the soul (Atma), and the importance of compassion. External differences like race, religion, or nationality are mere coverings. The author stresses the need for mental training and a change of heart to foster universal brotherhood.
The Future of Democracy in Asia (Asia mein Janatantra ka Bhavishya): Democracy is seen as the political manifestation of non-violence, based on non-possession, equality, and freedom. Asia, though economically and scientifically behind the West, possesses a strong spiritual consciousness that can nurture democracy. However, nationalistic ambitions, factionalism, and communal biases pose significant threats to its development. True democracy thrives on individual freedom and responsibility.
Democracy and Civic Discipline (Loktantra aur Nagarik Anushasan): Freedom, the core of democracy, requires self-discipline. While individual liberty is paramount, unchecked desires lead to chaos. The book argues that true democracy lies in a balance of freedom and control, where citizens are disciplined, and governance is responsive and accountable. Civic education and a sense of responsibility are crucial for democratic stability.
Nuclear Weapons and the Human Perspective (Anu-astra aur Manviya Drishtikon): The destructive potential of nuclear weapons is highlighted as a manifestation of humanity's fragmented and fearful state. The pursuit of security through weapons is ultimately futile. True security comes from inner peace, self-discipline, and a holistic worldview, not from external might. The author laments humanity's self-destructive tendencies, driven by division and ego.
War and Non-Violence (Yuddha aur Ahimsa): The text examines the principles of Panchsheel and their application in international relations. It acknowledges the complex relationship between power, self-interest, and the aspiration for peace. The author emphasizes that true non-violence is not passive but an active force that seeks to transform rather than destroy.
Problems, Government, Fasting, and Self-Immolation (Samasyayein, Sarkar, Anshan aur Atmadah): This section addresses societal issues, the role of government, and protest methods like fasting and self-immolation. It argues that true solutions lie not in external pressures but in addressing the root causes of problems, primarily within the human mind.
Ahimsa: The Balance of Power (Ahimsa: Shakti- Santulan): Non-violence is not the absence of power but a different kind of power – moral and spiritual. It has the potential to transform rather than destroy. True non-violence requires inner strength, detachment, and a commitment to truth.
Two Levels of Non-Violence (Ahimsa ke Do Star): The book distinguishes between social non-violence (protecting beings for societal harmony) and spiritual non-violence (complete cessation of harm driven by inner purity and liberation). The latter is the ultimate goal.
Fearlessness (Abhay): Fearlessness is presented as the first principle of non-violence and a product of inner peace and self-discipline. It stems from self-realization, detachment, and universal love.
Two Points of Life: Ethics and Spirituality (Jeevan ke Do Bindu: Niti aur Adhyatma): Life is a continuous flow, and its true essence lies in the interplay between ethics (Niti) and spirituality (Adhyatma). While ethics guide external conduct, spirituality nurtures inner growth. The author stresses the importance of aligning one's life with spiritual principles for true fulfillment.
The Basis of Social Life (Samajik Jeevan ka Aadhar): Social life is founded on interdependence and a balance between individual uniqueness and collective well-being. The author criticizes extreme individualism and collectivism, advocating for a harmonious coexistence based on mutual respect and understanding.
The Horizon of Thought (Chintan ka Kshitij): This section delves into the mind's nature, the interplay of desire and knowledge, and the importance of inner focus. The author discusses the subtle processes of thought and the need for self-awareness to manage negative emotions.
Oneness of Unity Efforts (Ekta ke Prayatna): Unity at various levels – from ecological to national and social – is explored. The author emphasizes the role of spiritual and ethical values in fostering genuine unity, transcending political boundaries and superficial divisions.
The True Worship of the Revered (Pujya ki Puja ka Vyatikram Na Ho): The book advocates for respecting and learning from all spiritual traditions and figures, without getting caught in superficial rituals or exclusive dogma. True respect lies in understanding the universal principles they represent.
A Balanced Perspective on Wealth (Sameechin Bane Dhan ke Prati Drishtikon): Wealth is a tool for sustenance and progress. However, excessive attachment or accumulation can lead to problems. The author discusses the importance of balanced use of wealth, emphasizing charity, responsible spending, and the need to avoid greed and exploitation.
Angles of Relativity (Sapeksha ke Kon): Drawing from Jain philosophy's concept of Anekanta (multi-sidedness), the text highlights the importance of understanding issues from multiple perspectives. This relativistic view fosters tolerance, reduces conflict, and leads to a more comprehensive truth.
Spirituality's Needle: Humanity's Thread (Adhyatma ki Sui: Manavta ka Dhaga): Spirituality is the thread that binds humanity together. True spirituality fosters compassion, interconnectedness, and a sense of universal responsibility, transcending superficial differences.
The Seeds of World Religion in Mahavir's Words (Mahavir ki Vani mein Vishwadharma ke Beej): Lord Mahavir's teachings are presented as universal principles applicable to all of humanity. His emphasis on non-violence, equality, and freedom laid the foundation for a world religion that transcends sectarian boundaries.
Mahatma Gandhi's Spirituality (Mahatma Gandhi ki Adhyatmikta): Gandhi's life is examined as a testament to the practical application of spirituality in social and political life. His philosophy of simple living, self-discipline, and unwavering commitment to truth and non-violence stemmed from his deep spiritual realization.
The Practical Value of Spirituality (Adhyatma ka Vyavaharik Mulya): Spirituality is not merely an abstract concept but a practical guide for living. It offers solutions to life's challenges by fostering inner peace, mental clarity, and emotional balance. It provides a framework for ethical conduct and personal growth.
The Problem of Religion: The Fragmented Personality of the Religious (Dharm ki Samasya: Dharmik ka Khandit Vyaktitva): The book critiques the superficial adherence to religious rituals without inner transformation. True religion is about transforming one's personality and aligning actions with spiritual principles. The author laments the disconnect between religious knowledge and practical application.
If Man Were Religious (Yadi Manushya Dharmik Hota): This section explores how human behavior would change if individuals truly embodied religious principles like non-violence, non-anger, and tolerance. It highlights the absence of these virtues as the root cause of many societal ills.
Expectations of a Healthy Society (Swasth Samaj ki Apekshaein): A healthy society is built on values like discipline, respect, integrity, and self-control. The erosion of these values in modern times leads to social discord and moral decay. The author stresses the need to revive and uphold these foundational principles.
Religion Without Adjectives (Visheshanheen Dharm): True religion is about inner purity and ethical conduct, not sectarian labels or rituals. The author advocates for a universal, "adjective-less" religion focused on personal transformation and universal well-being, exemplified by the principles of Anuvrat (small vows).
Ahimsa: The Power of Restraint (Ahimsa: Shakti- Santulan): The book revisits Ahimsa, defining it as a force that maintains balance and order, both internally and externally. It's about inner strength and self-control, not merely the absence of violence.
Two Levels of Non-Violence (Ahimsa ke Do Star): Ahimsa operates on two levels: the social level (preventing harm for societal order) and the spiritual level (complete renunciation of harm for liberation). The ultimate goal is the latter, which involves purifying one's intentions and desires.
Fearlessness (Abhay): Fearlessness is the natural consequence of spiritual realization and self-mastery. It arises from understanding the impermanence of the physical and the enduring nature of the soul.
Rage and Non-Attachment (Raag aur Virag ka Darshan): The book distinguishes between attachment (Raag) that drives worldly pursuits and non-attachment (Virag) that leads to spiritual freedom. While attachment is natural in society, excessive attachment becomes a source of suffering. The path to peace lies in cultivating non-attachment and seeing beyond worldly desires.
Alcohol and Drug Abuse Prevention through Scientific Consciousness (Vaigyanik Chetna se Nasha Mukti): This section highlights the modern approach to combating addiction by using scientific understanding of the body and mind, rather than solely relying on fear-based or ritualistic methods. It emphasizes the importance of self-awareness and habit modification through practices like meditation and controlled breathing.
Problem as Ignorance of Truth (Samasya Yani Satya ki Anabhigyata): The ultimate problem is not the external situation but our ignorance of the truth. Understanding the multi-faceted nature of reality (Anekanta) and practicing coexistence are presented as ways to overcome this ignorance and find harmony.
Establishing Restraint on the Altar of Experience (Anubhuti ki Vedi par Sanyam ka Pratishthan): True self-discipline (Sanyam) is not achieved through mere intellectual knowledge or external rules but through deep personal experience and introspection. The author emphasizes the journey from external observation to internal realization.
Capitalism and Anuvrat (Punjivad aur Anuvrat): The text explores the tension between capitalism's emphasis on accumulation and the Jain principle of Aparigraha (non-possession). It suggests that Anuvrat offers a path to balance material needs with spiritual values, promoting ethical use of wealth and preventing exploitation.
Civilization and Etiquette (Sabhyata aur Shishtachar): Etiquette and civilized behavior are essential for social harmony. They are rooted in emotional control and a deep understanding of human interdependence. The author illustrates how anger can be transformed through self-awareness and a shift in perspective.
The Disease of Display (Pradarshan ki Bimari): The book critiques the human tendency towards exhibitionism and the need for external validation. It shows how this desire can lead to foolish actions and a distorted sense of self-worth, obscuring true values.
The Knots of the Human Mind (Manav Man ki Granthiyan): The complexities of the human mind, with its various desires, fears, and attachments, are discussed. The author suggests that by untangling these mental knots and cultivating inner peace, individuals can overcome their problems.
The Boon of Forgetfulness (Vismriti ka Vardaan): Forgiveness and the ability to let go of past hurts are presented as crucial for happiness. The text highlights how dwelling on negative memories can be detrimental, while a healthy capacity for forgetfulness can lead to peace and well-being.
Sutras of Life-Development (Jeevan Vikas ke Sutra): True life development comes from cultivating virtues like equality, freedom, and integrity. These principles, when practiced sincerely, lead to personal growth and societal progress.
Freedom and Self-Discipline (Swatantrata aur Atmanushasan): Genuine freedom is not license but self-mastery. A disciplined mind and character are the foundations of true liberty. The book emphasizes the importance of self-regulation in all aspects of life.
System Change and Heart Change (Vyavastha-Parivartan aur Hriday-Parivartan): Societal problems require both systemic reform and individual transformation. While external systems can be improved, lasting change comes from within, through a change of heart and a cultivation of ethical values.
Identification of a Worker (Karyakarta ki Pehchan): A true worker is not one who merely performs tasks but one who transcends self-interest for the welfare of others. This involves dedication, compassion, and a willingness to serve the greater good.
Thought Flow (Vichar-Pravah): The author reflects on the continuous nature of thought and its impact on shaping reality. He emphasizes the importance of conscious thought and the need to channel mental energy constructively.
Continuity of Eternal Truths (Chir-Satyon ki Anusyuti): The book discusses how fundamental truths remain constant despite changes in time, language, and societal structures. These eternal truths provide a stable anchor in a constantly evolving world.
Man is the Ultimate Mystery (Manushya Jo Bhi Rahasya Hai): The human being, with their complex inner world, potential, and capacity for both great good and great evil, is the ultimate mystery. Science and spirituality offer different paths to understanding this profound enigma.
The Meaning of Sadhana (Sadhana ka Arth): Sadhana is the process of transforming one's innate nature through consistent effort and self-discipline. It requires faith in the possibility of change and a deliberate practice of virtues.
The Objective of Moral Education (Naitik Shiksha ka Uddeshya): Moral education aims to impart knowledge of ethical principles and their consequences, fostering the development of good character and virtuous behavior. It stresses the importance of aligning actions with beliefs.
Art and the Artist (Kala aur Kalakar): Art is a form of expression that stems from the deep inner self. The artist's role is to manifest this inner reality, finding harmony between outer form and inner essence.
Youth Power: Organization (Yuvak-Shakti: Sangathan): Youth represent a powerful force, driven by energy and potential. Harnessing this power through organization and purpose is essential for positive societal contribution.
The Complete and the Incomplete (Purn aur Apurn): True completeness lies within the self, not in external acquisitions. The pursuit of material things stems from a sense of inner incompleteness. The journey of life is about realizing one's inherent fullness.
The Challenge of Mechanization (Yantravad ki Chunauti): While technology offers advancements, it also poses a challenge to traditional spiritual values. The author reflects on the need to integrate spiritual wisdom with technological progress to avoid losing one's humanity.
Decision (Nirnay): The ability to make wise decisions relies on a clear perspective, inner conviction, and a willingness to learn from others while retaining one's independent judgment.
Complexity (Sankulata): Life is inherently complex, with diverse perspectives and choices. Navigating this complexity requires a discerning mind, the ability to synthesize information, and the wisdom to make informed decisions.

Overall Message:

"Samasya ko Dekhna Sikhe" is a profound guide that encourages readers to look beyond the surface of their problems and engage in deep introspection. It offers a path to inner peace, self-mastery, and a more meaningful existence by fostering a balanced perspective, ethical conduct, and a connection to spiritual truths. The book emphasizes that by learning to "see" problems with wisdom and clarity, one can transform challenges into opportunities for growth and realize their true potential.