Saman Diksha Ek Parichay

Here's a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Saman Diksha Ek Parichay" (A Brief Introduction to Saman Initiation) by Samani Sanmatipragya, published by Jain Vishva Bharati, in English:

This booklet, "Saman Diksha Ek Parichay," serves as an introduction to the Saman Diksha and the Saman category within the Terapanth Jain tradition. It aims to provide the general public with information about this unique spiritual path, as many are still unaware of its practices, principles, and purpose.

Key Themes and Sections of the Book:

• Introduction and Foreword:

  • The foreword by Ganadhipati Tulsi highlights that eras change, and along with them, individuals and traditions adapt. The Saman category, established by Terapanth, is a conscious adaptation. These members are house-leavers and their conduct, with few exceptions, is similar to that of monks. The category is proving very useful and is recognized as a modern form of renunciation.
  • The preface emphasizes the rich history of the Shraman tradition, illuminated by the lives of Tirthankaras. It discusses the need for reform and revolution against the distortion of timeless truths for selfish gains, which led to the emergence of Terapanth. The Saman category is presented as a significant development initiated by Ganadhipati Tulsi, aimed at specialized spiritual practice and the creation of spiritual-scientific personalities, serving as a "laboratory of revolution" within Terapanth.

• What is Saman Diksha? (Page 10)

  • Saman Diksha is described as an unfailing resolve for self-identification, a novel ritual imparting knowledge of fundamental life values, and an endeavor to make the mind 'nirgranth' (free from attachments). It's a stage where the destination becomes visible, a spiritual awakening, a new experiment full of possibilities, a new beginning in life, and a commitment to learning and sharing spiritual knowledge. It is a step towards becoming 'lokottar' (transcendent of worldly affairs) and remaining active towards one's surroundings. It acts as a strong bridge between a seeker ('mumukshu') and a monk ('muni'), signifying new constructions on the horizon of time.

• Background of the Saman Category (Pages 11-14)

  • Terapanth is defined as a spiritual revolution. The establishment of the Saman category is attributed to the vision of Ganadhipati Tulsi. The idea emerged from a desire to develop branches of knowledge and science within the Sangha, creating a class that could rapidly disseminate Mahavir's universal principles.
  • The concept was inspired by Buddhist monasticism, proposing a diksha where individuals would dedicate themselves to practice and education for a specific period, contributing to the spread of ethical teachings, even internationally.
  • The formal declaration of this "unique diksha" occurred during the Ladnun Chaturmas in 1980. The announcement generated much anticipation and speculation. The planning involved extensive discussions on discipline, conduct, daily routines, and protection. Initial opposition or concerns from parents about the future of their daughters were also present.
  • The first six initiates were Mumukshu Sarita, Mumukshu Savita, Mumukshu Mahima, Mumukshu Kusum, Mumukshu Sarla, and Mumukshu Vibhavana. The diksha ceremony was a significant event, marked by a large public gathering and the distinctive white attire of the initiates, which was both protective and symbolic of their inner purity.

• Standards of the Saman Category (Pages 15-18)

  • The Saman category represents a creative aspect of Ganadhipati Tulsi's ideals of dynamism, utility, and purity, and is considered an achievement of the latter half of the 20th century. It is a modern experiment in spiritual lifestyle, not a simplification of Mahavrat Diksha.
  • Attire: The uniform is white, symbolizing purity, with a specific design for the sari and bodice. The 'kavach' (bodice) is white with a pink 'Arham' embroidered within a circle. Instead of a face veil, a white handkerchief is held in hand. This attire was designed by Mahashramani Kanak Prabha and her associates.
  • Samayik Sutra: A new Samayik formula was created in Prakrit, distinct from the original. It emphasizes 'upsampadjami' (I accept) and 'vajayami' (I renounce) and focuses on renouncing sinful actions with exceptions and internal purification.
  • Vandana Vidhi: A new way of greeting was established: "Vandami Namasami" (I bow, I greet). The response is "Arham," a symbol of detachment.
  • Naming: Initiates receive new names, reflecting their second birth. The suffix 'Pragya' (wisdom) is appended to their names, signifying their new identity and purpose (e.g., Sthitapragya, Smtapragya).

• Code of Conduct (Achar Sanhita) (Pages 19-20)

  • The code of conduct is based on the five core Jain vows: Ahimsa (non-violence), Satya (truthfulness), Achaurya (non-stealing), Brahmacharya (celibacy), and Aparigraha (non-possession).
  • Specific points include: abstaining from harming living beings, not consuming uncooked food, speaking truthfully, not taking what is not given, practicing celibacy, practicing non-possession (no property, money, or excessive belongings), not eating at night, and avoiding vulgar or divisive conversation.

• Discipline (Anushasan) (Pages 21-23)

  • Discipline is crucial for progress. It guides the practitioner on the right path when self-control falters. It provides freedom for development while restricting license.
  • Key disciplinary points include: spiritual discipline under the Acharya, living under the protection of senior Samans/Samani, never traveling alone, having designated leaders (Niyojaka/Niyojika) within their respective groups, not leaving their residence without informing their leader, avoiding private conversations with individuals of the opposite sex, practicing community living without forming exclusive attachments, daily recitation of the 'Sankalp Patra' (resolution letter), seeking atonement for violations, potential removal from the category if proven unfit, fostering harmony and cooperation, and striving for self-reliance.

• System (Vyavastha) (Pages 23-25)

  • The system is designed for truth, leading to auspiciousness and beauty. The Saman category has a well-defined structure, divided into overall and group management.
  • Overall Management: The 'Niyojika' (female leader) heads the entire Saman category, responsible for its development and well-being. Her duties include managing attire, utensils, health, collective tasks, group organization, conducting meetings, ensuring adherence to rules, and overseeing the education of junior Samanis. She operates under the guidance of the Acharya and Mahashramani.
  • Group Management: Groups of four Samanis are led by a 'Nirdeshika' (group leader), responsible for the physical, mental health, spiritual practice, and education of her group members.
  • Both Niyojika and Nirdeshika positions are transferable, promoting humility and allowing multiple members to develop leadership skills.

• Initiation (Diksha) (Pages 26-28)

  • Saman Diksha is presented as an experimental form of renunciate life, bridging the gap between householder life ('Agar Dharma') and monkhood ('Anagar Dharma'). It's an intermediate practice between Mahavratas and Anuvratas.
  • Types of Diksha:
    • Timed Saman Diksha (Savadhik Saman Diksha): For those who wish to experience renunciate life for a fixed period (1, 2, 3, or 5 years) without committing to lifelong monasticism. This offers practical training in Jain philosophy and allows individuals to improve their householder life after the term.
    • Lifelong Saman Diksha (Yavajivan Saman Diksha): A commitment to the Saman path for life, with the option to later embrace full monkhood.
  • Currently, many Samanis have taken lifelong diksha with the goal of progressing to higher monastic orders, while some Samans are also practicing.

• Spiritual Practice (Sadhana) (Pages 28-30)

  • The Saman category has a clear objective: Sadhana, Shiksha (Education), and Prachar-Prasar (Propagation).
  • Collective Sadhana: Practices performed together, like meditation, chanting, and self-study. 'Kayotsarga Pratima' (a posture of body stillness) is performed twice a month on specific days, focusing on discerning and renouncing negative emotions.
  • Personal Sadhana: Individual practices like meditation, penance, chanting, and reflection, aimed at purifying the self.
  • New Environment, New Role: Upon initiation, efforts are made to shape their behavior and thoughts through exercises for character building, willpower, and physical/mental well-being.

• Education (Shiksha) (Pages 31-36)

  • The Saman category is dedicated to modern educational development, integrating traditional knowledge with contemporary understanding.
  • Academic Pursuits: Members can pursue undergraduate (B.A.) and postgraduate (M.A.) degrees, and even research. Many hold J.R.F. and NET qualifications for teaching.
  • Technical Skills: Training in computer skills is provided for managing publications and archival work.
  • Language Proficiency: Emphasis is placed on learning English for wider dissemination of Jain principles and for international outreach.
  • Teaching: Samanis actively engage in teaching at primary schools, colleges, and universities, sharing Jain philosophy, life sciences, and values without charge, as it's considered a spiritual duty.
  • Adult Education: Samanis also participate in government literacy programs, promoting education, addiction-free living, dietary purity, and the eradication of superstitions.
  • Literary Work: They are involved in editing and compiling Jain scriptures and literature, contributing to significant works like encyclopedic collections of verses and analyses of Jain Acharyas' teachings.

• Travel (Yatra) (Pages 36-43)

  • Unlike traditional Jain monks who travel on foot, Samans are permitted to use vehicles to cover distances quickly and reach remote or inaccessible areas. This modern approach allows for more efficient propagation of Jain teachings.
  • Purpose of Travel: The primary goal is to spread Jainism, Anuvrat, Preksha Dhyan, and Life Sciences, and to care for the Terapanth community. They travel to spread the message of non-violence, non-possession, and anekantvada, which offer solutions to modern-day problems.
  • Reach: Samans travel across India and internationally, conducting Preksha Dhyan camps, lectures, conferences, and press conferences in schools, colleges, and universities. They also focus on strengthening religious practices and values within Jain families and communities.
  • Pedestrian Travel: While vehicles are allowed, pedestrian journeys are also undertaken, often accompanying the Acharya, during which they conduct programs and inspire people to live virtuous lives.
  • Historical Expeditions: Notable examples include the 'Amrit Kalash Padayatra' (Golden Pot Pilgrimage) focusing on social reforms and the 'Seva Sanskar Yatra' (Service and Values Pilgrimage) for cultural and moral upliftment.

• Sankalp Patra (Resolution Letter) (Page 47)

  • This section contains a solemn pledge taken by the initiates, affirming their faith in Mahavir, his teachings, and the lineage of Acharyas. They commit to obedience to the Acharya and their Niyojika/Nirdeshika, adherence to the Saman category's practices, loyalty to the monastic order, and equitable treatment of all fellow Samans.

• Saman-Pratikraman (Repentance) (Pages 48-58)

  • This extensive section details the daily repentance rituals and prayers performed by the Samans, including recitation of various scriptures like Iriyavahia Sutra, Kayotsarga Sutra, and the Twenty-Four Tirthankara verses. It also outlines the specific transgressions (Aticharas) related to each vow and practice, for which atonement is sought. The rituals emphasize mindfulness, self-correction, and seeking forgiveness.

Overall Significance:

"Saman Diksha Ek Parichay" provides a clear and detailed understanding of the Saman category within Terapanth Jainism. It positions the Samans as a modern, adaptable, and vital component of the tradition, actively engaged in spiritual practice, education, and the propagation of Jain principles in contemporary society, both in India and globally. The booklet highlights their unique lifestyle, disciplined approach, and dedication to service.