Sagarotpatti

Here is a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Sagarotpatti," authored by Suryamal Maharaj:

Book Title: Sagarotpatti Author: Suryamal Maharaj Publisher: Naubatrai Badaliya Catalog Link: https://jainqq.org/explore/020617/1

Overall Purpose:

The book "Sagarotpatti" (which translates to "Origin of Sagar") is a critical work by Suryamal Maharaj that aims to expose and refute the origins and practices of a particular lineage within Jainism, referred to as the "Sagar" or "Sagariya" branch, and their associated "Tapa Gachh" (sect or lineage). The author, a monk from the Khartar Gachh, presents this text as a historical and theological examination to correct perceived deviations from Jain principles. He states his motivation is to bring peace to the Jain community by addressing a long-standing debate and the propagation of what he considers "destructive literature."

Key Arguments and Content:

The book's introduction and the subsequent detailed historical account can be summarized by the following points:

1. Addressing a Controversy: Suryamal Maharaj begins by lamenting the persistent and intensifying disputes within the Jain community concerning the Tapa Gachh. He criticizes those who, instead of resolving the conflict, seem to further inflame it.

2. Historical Precedent: He draws a parallel to a past event where a person named Dharma Sagar published critical literature against the Shanti Sthapit Jain community, which was subsequently condemned and led to Dharma Sagar's expulsion from the Tapa Gachh.

3. The Current Dispute: The author identifies Anand Sagar as a successor who continues this controversial tradition by publishing works that, in his view, are detrimental to the community. He specifically mentions three works published by Anand Sagar: "Irya Pathiki Shat Trishika," "Navapad Laghuvritti," and "Navapad Brihadvritti." He notes a lack of criticism from the Tapa Gachh community regarding Anand Sagar's actions, implying their tacit approval.

4. Motivation for the Work: Due to these reasons, Suryamal Maharaj felt compelled to raise his voice against these publications. His research involved delving into ancient texts that contained critical commentary on the Tapa Gachh. He emphasizes that his initial desire was not to publish this critical material but was forced to do so due to the continued propagation of divisive literature.

5. Calls for Reform and Warning: He expresses a desire for Anand Sagar to follow the right path in his old age and contribute to peace in the Jain community. Otherwise, he warns that the material gathered from ancient texts is sufficient to neutralize Anand Sagar's "fever of hatred" and potentially lead to his expulsion from the Gachh. He also urges the public to study the book carefully to understand the history and actions of the "Sagariya" lineage and to avoid their influence.

6. The Origin of the "Tapa" Name: The text then delves into a detailed historical narrative, beginning with an event in the ancient city of Stambhanpur.

   • It describes an Acharya named Maniratna who purchased a boy named Jagat Chandra from a widow.
   • Jagat Chandra, despite being educated, was disobedient and constantly clashed with his gurus.
   • He was expelled by Maniratna and, in his anger, sought the service of an "Uchhista Chandali" (a lower caste woman).
   • This deity, pleased with his devotion, granted him a boon that his lineage would prosper as long as he and his disciples denigrated the right path, promoted the wrong path, and fractured good congregations.
   • Jagat Chandra, influenced by this boon, became prominent.
   • He gained followers through dubious practices and became a "Suri" (a title of respect for a learned monk).
   • The narrative then describes his travels, his refusal to engage in debates, and his eventual expulsion from a community in Gujarat.
   • His flight and fabricated story about arriving from Gujarat on a camel led to his followers being called "Oustrik" (camel-riders).
   • The term "Tapa" is explained as originating from the concept of "santap" (heat/suffering) and their tendency to "burn" (suffer or cause suffering) people with harsh words. Those who outwardly displayed asceticism while being inwardly corrupt were termed "Tapota" or "Oustrik Tapas."
   • Over time, his disciples claimed they were called "Tapa" due to their austerities, but the author argues that their names are not found in the scriptures of earlier respected Acharyas, implying the claim is false.

7. The Rise of Other Branches and Disputes: The text traces the lineage and the creation of various branches, including:

   • Jagatchandra's Disciples: The narrative follows Jagatchandra's disciples, including Devendra, Kshema, and Kirtisuri, and their respective schools.
   • Child Gachh and its Evolution: The emergence of the "Chaitra Bal Gachh" is detailed, stemming from Dhaneśvara Suri and later figures like Bhuvanachandra and Devabhadra. Jagatchandra is described as becoming a disciple of Devabhadra, though the author disputes this lineage's authenticity.
   • Disputes over Guruship and Lineage: Significant portions of the text are dedicated to analyzing the claims and counter-claims regarding the guru-shishya parampara (lineage of teachers and disciples). The author critically examines the "Pattavalis" (genealogical records) and historical accounts of various Acharyas, highlighting contradictions and fabricated claims.
   • The "Sagariya" Branch and its Offshoots: The text extensively details the origin and fragmentation of the "Sagariya" branch. It traces their descent from Dev Suri, leading to various sub-branches like "Oont Ghediya" (camel-tailed), "Lukassani," and "Pitambara." These branches are described as originating from quarrels, expulsion, and adoption of questionable practices.
   • Dharma Sagar's Role: Dharma Sagar is presented as a key figure who, after being expelled, continued to spread dissent. He engaged in practices with "Vam Margis" (left-handed practitioners) and "Kapalikais" (skull-worshippers), adopting mantras for destructive purposes. This led to him being called "Kak," "Ulook," and "Tapa."
   • Criticism of Practices: The author criticizes the "Sagariya" branches for:
     • Denigrating their Gurus and fellow monks.
     • Engaging in self-praise.
     • Accumulating wealth and possessions, contrary to true asceticism.
     • Practicing "Utsutra" (unscriptural) teachings and actions.
     • Their adherence to the "Chandali" doctrine.
     • The author points out inconsistencies in their claimed timelines and lineage, suggesting they are fabricated.

8. The Author's Intent: Suryamal Maharaj reiterates that his aim is not to engage in factionalism or hatred but to present the factual "tattva" (truth) of the Sagariya branch for the enlightenment of all. He seeks forgiveness from scholars for any errors in his presentation.

In essence, "Sagarotpatti" is a polemical work arguing that the Tapa Gachh, particularly its Sagariya branch, originated from a flawed lineage, adopted unscriptural practices, and engaged in internal disputes and the denigration of legitimate Jain traditions and figures. The author presents this historical account to discredit the claims of this lineage and to promote unity and adherence to what he considers the true Jain path.