Role Of Jainism In Modern India

Here's a comprehensive summary of the provided Jain text, "Role of Jainism in Modern India" by Dr. B. H. Kapadia, based on the provided pages:

The text posits that Jainism, a religion with ancient roots in India, plays a significant and evolving role in modern Indian society. It begins by situating India within Jain cosmology as "Bharatakhand" and highlights the foundational contributions of the first Tirthankara, Lord Rishabhadeva, who is credited with teaching humanity reading, writing, arithmetic, and scripts, thus laying the groundwork for civilization.

Historical and Cultural Contributions:

• Antiquity and Synthesis: The author emphasizes Jainism's hoary antiquity, citing historical Tirthankaras like Lord Parshva and Lord Neminatha (contemporary of Lord Krishna). It acknowledges the interconnectedness of Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism, stating that these three major religions have merged indistinguishably to shape Indian culture, society, economy, and education. All ultimately aim for the same goal of liberation or Nirvana.
• Patronage and Literary Flourishing: Jainism has historically been supported by influential figures and rulers, including kings like Kumarapala and Kharvel, and emperors like Akbar. This patronage fostered significant advancements in literature, art, sculpture, and painting. Jain monks and scholars like Haribhadra Suri and Hemachandra Acharya are recognized for their prolific literary contributions across diverse genres, including epics, grammar, rhetoric, drama, and scientific works, written in various Indian languages.
• Art and Architecture: Jainism has also left an indelible mark on art and architecture, evidenced by world-renowned temples on Mount Abu, Shikharji, and Girnar. Lay Jains like Jagadushah and Vastupala, along with modern monks and philanthropists like Seth Kasturbhai Lalbhai, have also contributed significantly.

Core Jain Principles and Modern Relevance:

• Anekantavada and Ahimsa: The text attributes Jainism's survival in India, unlike Buddhism, to its core principles of Anekantavada (non-absolutism, respect for multiple viewpoints) and Ahimsa (non-violence), alongside strict ethical codes. Ahimsa is highlighted as particularly relevant in modern times for national development.
• Aparigraha and Societal Welfare: The principle of Aparigraha (non-possession) is presented as a valuable antidote to extravagant spending, especially in the context of black money. The author suggests that channeling surplus wealth into educational institutions and other social causes can greatly benefit society and the nation.
• Brahmacharya and Population Control: Brahmacharya (celibacy or controlled senses) is identified as a principle that can contribute to family planning and address the issue of population explosion, which the text identifies as a root cause of many societal ills.
• Inclusivity and Social Harmony: Jainism's historical openness to all, regardless of caste or creed, is noted as a reason it has never faced issues of untouchability, citing examples of individuals from downtrodden backgrounds embracing Jainism.
• Philanthropy and Economic Empowerment: The vast financial resources within the Jain community can be channeled towards creating employment opportunities and establishing new industries, thereby addressing unemployment.

Adaptation and Evolution for the Future:

• Dynamic Nature of Religion: The author stresses that religion must evolve to remain relevant in the modern world. Just as electricity has been introduced into temples and modern technologies are accepted by laypeople, religious practices and norms need to adapt to contemporary societal and economic realities.
• Addressing Contemporary Challenges: Jainism needs to actively engage with modern socio-economic problems, such as population growth and changing lifestyles. The younger generation may drift away from religion if it doesn't adapt to their needs and perspectives.
• Syadvada as a Unifying Philosophy: The text concludes by emphasizing the enduring relevance of Jainism's Syadvada (or Anekantavada) philosophy in fostering understanding and synthesis between ancient doctrines and the contemporary needs of India. By embracing change and integrating its timeless wisdom with modern challenges, Jainism can continue its glorious heritage and contribute significantly to the nation's cultural, social, economic, and spiritual progress.

In essence, the text argues that Jainism, with its rich history and profound ethical principles, is not merely a relic of the past but a dynamic force capable of contributing significantly to the development and well-being of modern India, provided it remains adaptable and responsive to the evolving times.