Proceedings Of The Seminar On Prakrit Studies 1973

The book "Proceedings of the Seminar on Prakrit Studies 1973" published by L. D. Institute of Indology, Ahmedabad, is a compilation of research papers and discussions from a seminar held in March 1973. Organized by the Department of Prakrit, Gujarat University, with financial assistance from the University Grants Commission, the seminar aimed to foster and advance Prakrit studies.

Key Themes and Contributions:

The proceedings cover a wide range of topics related to Prakrit language, literature, and its cultural significance:

• Linguistic and Literary Value of Prakrits:

  • The seminar emphasized the importance of Prakrit languages as bridges between Sanskrit and modern Indo-Aryan languages, reflecting the popular speech of their times.
  • Papers discussed the literary and philosophical depth of Prakrit literature, highlighting its contributions to various fields.
  • The "Extension Lecture" by late Prof. Dr. A. N. Upadhye provided a comprehensive overview of the literary and philosophical value of Prakrit studies, discussing its role in understanding ancient Indian culture, folklore, and philosophical thought.

• Prakrit Literature and Culture:

  • Several papers explored the historio-cultural contributions of Jain Ācāryas through Prakrit sources, showcasing how these texts shed light on ancient Indian history, geography, politics, and various sciences.
  • The inclusion of folk elements, tales, and traditions within Prakrit literature was a recurring theme, demonstrating its connection to the common people's lives.
  • The influence of Middle Indo-Aryan (MIA) literature, particularly Jain Prakrit works, on Kannada literature was examined, highlighting the transmission of literary motifs and linguistic elements.

• Specific Prakrit Works and Authors:

  • Papers delved into specific works like Vratakathā in old Marathi, the Jātaka Literature in Pāli, Suddayacariya (a lost romantic tale in Apabhramsa), Paramāgamasāra of Sruta Muni, and Vaddhamana Charitu by Vibudha Shridhar.
  • The contributions of Jain Ācāryas like Jinabhadra and Bhaskaranandi through their works on meditation (Jhānajjhayaṇa and Dhyānastava) were compared.
  • The paper on Bhoja's Śṛngāraprakāśa focused on restoring Prakrit texts found within the work, highlighting the challenges and methods involved.
  • The role of Prakrit dialects in Sanskrit dramas was analyzed, discussing their historical development, classification, and distribution among characters according to dramaturgical rules and literary practices.
  • The applicability of Prakrit grammar rules to the formation of Marathi words was explored, showcasing linguistic connections and influences.
  • The paper on Somaprabhacharya's Sumatinath Charitra analyzed its narrative material and linguistic aspects, particularly its connections with older Gujarati literature and folk motifs.
  • The influence of MIA literature on Kannada literature was traced, noting the impact on prose, poetry, and the development of the 'Ragale' meter.
  • Several papers addressed obscure passages in Candaleha Sattaka, offering new interpretations and etymologies.
  • A paper highlighted Prakrit forms from Vasudevahindi that were not recorded in Pischel's Prakrit Grammar, suggesting gaps in earlier research.
  • The historical development of Prakrit and Apabhramsa languages was discussed, including their origins, evolution, and relationship with Vedic Sanskrit and modern Indian languages.
  • The paper on "Prakritic Studies and a Problem of their Rehabilitation" addressed the challenges faced by Prakrit studies, advocating for greater recognition, financial support, and integrated university programs.
  • The paper on "The Study of Prakrit Grammar for understanding the Tadbhava Words in Kannada" demonstrated how Prakrit grammar aids in understanding loanwords in Kannada.
  • "The Etymological Definitions and Pali Synonyms" explored how re-etymologizing and re-interpreting terms in Pali literature created new synonyms, reflecting the Buddha's linguistic and philosophical approach.

• Challenges and Recommendations:

  • The proceedings acknowledged the delay in publication and the passing of some eminent scholars who participated in the seminar.
  • A significant theme running through the seminar was the need for the rehabilitation and promotion of Prakrit studies. Recommendations included strengthening university departments, training young scholars, instituting certificate and diploma courses, establishing advanced centers, and organizing more seminars.
  • The issue of employment for Prakrit graduates was highlighted, with suggestions for job-oriented programs and the inclusion of Prakrit in civil service examinations.
  • There was a strong call for inter-university cooperation and coordinated efforts to publish and study the vast corpus of unpublished Prakrit manuscripts.
  • The need to break down the compartmentalization of classical language studies, advocating for an integrated approach, was emphasized.
  • A cautionary note was sounded against devaluing Prakrit studies through excessive stipendiary programs, urging for a focus on quality scholarship.

In essence, the Proceedings of the Seminar on Prakrit Studies 1973 provides a valuable snapshot of the state of Prakrit research in the early 1970s, reflecting the academic enthusiasm, the challenges faced, and the future directions envisioned for the field. It underscores the enduring relevance of Prakrit languages and literature for understanding India's rich cultural, linguistic, and philosophical heritage.