Pratyakhyan Swarupam

This Jain text, "Pratyakhyan Swarupam" (The Nature of Renunciation), published by Rushabhdev Keshrimal Jain Shwetambar Sanstha Ratlam, is a significant work in Jain literature. Based on the provided pages, it is a commentary and detailed exposition of the principles of renunciation and conduct as outlined in Jain scriptures.

Here's a comprehensive summary of the content and its context, drawing from the information presented:

1. Core Subject Matter:

The title itself, "Pratyakhyan Swarupam," indicates that the primary focus of this book is Pratyakhyan, which translates to renunciation, abstention, or vow-taking in Jainism. This concept is central to the Jain path of spiritual liberation (Moksha), emphasizing the systematic withdrawal from worldly attachments and actions that lead to the accumulation of karma.

2. Authorship and Lineage:

The text is attributed to Shri Yashodeva Suri (as indicated by the repeated use of "Shri Yashodeviye Pratyakhyan Swaroop"). The introductory pages also mention other prominent Jain Acharyas like Yashodeva, Charitsingharaja, Shekhara, Jinbhadra Suri, and Haribhadra Suri, suggesting that this work might be a compilation, commentary, or reinterpretation of their teachings on renunciation, possibly by Yashodeva Suri. The mention of Shri Rajshekhara Acharya in relation to "Danapatutrinshika" (Thirty-six verses on Charity) indicates that the compilation may also include other important Jain texts.

3. Nature of the Text:

The text appears to be in Prakrit or a related dialect (based on the script and language). It is presented as a detailed explanation, likely a commentary (vritti or churni) on foundational Jain principles related to renunciation. The detailed verse-by-verse explanation, indicated by the verse numbers and the consistent explanation of concepts, points to a pedagogical purpose.

4. Key Concepts Explained:

The provided pages (especially pages 4-25 and beyond) delve into various aspects of Pratyakhyan, including:

• Definition of Pratyakhyan: It's defined as a rule, a desire to abstain, restraint, prohibition of the influx of karma, and cessation from sinful activities.
• Types of Renunciation: The text discusses Adhva Pratyakhyan (renunciation for a specific period), and likely other forms related to dietary restrictions, specific actions, and vows.
• The Process of Taking Vows/Renunciation: The verses detail the correct procedure, including:
  • Grahana Vidhi (Method of Acceptance): This involves seeking guidance from a Guru, understanding the scriptures, and the proper mindset.
  • Vishuddhi Dwara (Doors of Purification): The text outlines six essential purifications for effective renunciation, including faith (shraddha), understanding (jnana), acceptance (grahana), adherence (anupalana), humility (vinaya), and sincere pronunciation (anubhashana).
  • The role of the Guru: The Guru's presence, guidance, and blessings are repeatedly emphasized as crucial for proper renunciation.
  • Acceptance in the absence of a Guru: The text addresses how to undertake renunciation when a Guru is not present.
• Specific Observances: Detailed explanations are given for various observances like:
  • Navakar (recitation of the Namokar Mantra): Its significance in initiating and supporting renunciation.
  • Porishi, Purimaddha, Kashan, Gathan: These are likely specific time-based observances or types of fasting.
  • Ayambil: A specific type of fasting in Jainism.
  • Abhaktatdha and Charima: Possibly related to meal times or types of food abstained from.
  • Abhiggaha: Specific vows or restraints.
  • Four types of food (Asana, Pana, Khadima, Swadima): The text details the rules and prohibitions concerning these.
  • Aagama (specific rules or qualifications): The importance of understanding these for proper renunciation.
  • Aanabhoga and Sahasakara: Exceptions or conditions under which renunciation might be broken.
• The Importance of Intention and Purity: The text stresses that the purity of intention (bhava shuddhi) is paramount, and external adherence without inner resolve is not sufficient.
• The Fruits of Renunciation: The ultimate goal is liberation from the cycle of birth and death (Moksha), achieved through sincere practice and purification.

5. Context and Scope:

The "Anukramanika" (Table of Contents) on page 3 reveals that this is likely part of a larger series or a collection of works. It lists other significant Jain texts such as:

• Panchashak, Dharma Sangrahani, Upadeshamala, Nandi Sutra Churni, Haribhadriya Vritti
• Avashyak Churni
• Dashavaikalik Churni
• Uttaradhyayana Churni
• Sutrakritanga Churni
• Anuyogadwara Churni, Haribhadriya Vritti
• Acharanga Churni
• Jyotishkarandaka with commentary by Malayagiri Acharya
• Shastra Shankha Samiksha (a text on philosophical inquiry)
• Paryarana Sandoha (a collection of 28 texts)
• Vimshatika (Twenty verses)
• Ahimsashtaka, Sarvajna Siddhi, Indrastuti

This broad list suggests that the publishing institution (Rushabhdev Keshrimal Jain Shwetambar Sanstha Ratlam) is dedicated to publishing a wide range of essential Jain scriptures. The inclusion of "Danapatutrinshika" and "Visheshanavati" further highlights the comprehensive approach to Jain philosophy and practice.

6. Publication Details:

• Publisher: Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra, www.kobatirth.org
• Original Publisher: Rushabhdev Keshrimal Jain Shwetambar Sanstha Ratlam
• Publication Year: Vikram Samvat 1984 / Ishvi 1927
• Edition: 500 copies
• Printer: Sh. Juharmal Mishrilal Palrecha, Indore.

In essence, "Pratyakhyan Swarupam" is a profound and detailed exploration of the Jain concept of renunciation, guiding practitioners on the proper methods, mindset, and philosophical underpinnings required for spiritual progress. Its inclusion within a larger collection of Jain scriptures underscores its importance in the study and practice of Jainism.