Pratapi Purvajo Part 01 - Book Summary

The provided Jain text, "Pratapi Purvajo Part 01" by Devchand Damji Kundlakar, published by Anand Karyalay, is a historical and biographical work celebrating the lives of prominent Jain figures. The book is divided into several sections, each focusing on a different individual or theme related to Jain history and culture.

Here's a summary of the key sections and themes:

Introduction (Page 3-4): The introduction sets the stage by highlighting the historical spread and influence of the Jain Sangh across India, from Magadha to the South. It emphasizes that Jainism was not merely a religious movement but also a significant force in shaping literature, sculpture, and art. The author notes that much of the historical evidence of Jain achievements remains hidden within Jain architecture and literature, waiting to be uncovered through research. The purpose of the book is to present these historical figures in a narrative format to the general reader, showcasing their contributions to the nation and the world. The introduction also stresses that Jain heroes, while members of the Jain community, were also patriots and contributing members of the wider society, transcending religious divides.

"The Uncrowned King of the Market" (Page 5-26): This extensive section is dedicated to the life and achievements of Premchand Raichand. It paints a vivid picture of the economic landscape of 19th-century India, detailing the transition from a self-sufficient, handcraft-based economy to the emerging industrial and financial era.

Early Life and Business Acumen: The text traces Premchand's humble beginnings and his early exposure to trade. It highlights his move to Mumbai and his rise through his intelligence, hard work, and knack for business.
Cotton Trade and Market Influence: A significant portion focuses on Premchand's involvement in the cotton trade, which was a major commodity in India. The narrative explains how his astute understanding of the market, his establishment of agencies in cotton-producing regions, and his ability to anticipate future prices led to him being called "the uncrowned king of the market."
Stock Market and Financial Ventures: The book details Premchand's successful ventures in the stock market, including his significant role in the "Asiatic Banking Corporation" and the "Bank of Bombay," where his expertise dramatically increased the value of their shares.
Philanthropy and Social Contributions: The text emphasizes Premchand's extensive philanthropy. It recounts his substantial donations towards educational institutions, hospitals, and public works, including a notable donation of four lakh rupees for the development of the University of Bombay, which led to the naming of the Rajabai Tower in memory of his mother. His charitable activities extended to drought relief and supporting various social causes across India.
Downfall and Resilience: Despite his immense success, the narrative also touches upon the eventual downturn in the cotton and stock markets, which led to financial difficulties. However, it highlights Premchand's resilience and his ability to face adversity with a calm demeanor and a determination to continue working.
Personal Life and Character: The section also provides insights into his simple lifestyle, his devotion to his mother, and his compassionate nature towards the less fortunate.

"Kutch's Karna" (Page 27-49): This section focuses on Jagadushah, a renowned philanthropist and businessman from Kutch, particularly known for his immense generosity during a severe famine.

The "Panotara" Famine: The narrative vividly describes the devastating famine of Vikram Samvat 1313-1315, known as the "Panotara" famine, which caused widespread suffering and starvation.
Jagadushah's Philanthropy: The text highlights Jagadushah's extraordinary act of feeding millions of people during this crisis. It mentions his vast food reserves and his open kitchens that served people from all walks of life, including royalty from distant lands. His generosity earned him the title "Jagat-Datar" (Giver of the World).
Confrontation with the Famine Embodied: A fascinating allegorical story is presented where Jagadushah confronts the personification of the famine itself, who, overwhelmed by Jagadushah's boundless generosity, promises not to return.
Historical Context and Ancestry: The section provides historical context about the region of Kutch, mentioning its ancient cities like Bhadreshwar and discussing the lineages of rulers and prominent figures, including details about the Chawda and Gohil Rajput clans and the story of Jam Lakhaghurara.
Kanthkot Fort and its Legends: It delves into the legends associated with Kanthkot fort, including tales of its construction and the interactions of its rulers with yogis.
Jagadushah's Family and Benefactions: The text mentions Jagadushah's father, Salshah, and their migration to Bhadreshwar. It describes the famous Vashahi temples built by Jagadushah, showcasing their architectural significance and the story of their preservation and renovation. It also touches upon the eventual destruction of some idols by invaders.
Origins of Wealth: Various popular legends about the source of Jagadushah's immense wealth are discussed, ranging from hidden treasures to magical grains of pearl-filled wheat, making it difficult to ascertain the exact truth.
Jagadushah's Role in Government and Interactions: The narrative highlights Jagadushah's close relationship with religious leaders like Acharya Paramdevsuri and his strategic foresight in storing grains in anticipation of the famine. It also recounts his diplomatic and military interactions, such as his alliance with Lavana Prasad of Patan to defeat King Pithdev of Parakar.

"Sorath's Suba" (Page 50-83): This section focuses on Mavji Mehta, who served as a revenue administrator (Suba) in Amreli under the Gaekwad rule.

The Changing Times: The narrative begins by describing the political and administrative landscape of Kathiawad in the mid-19th century, marked by the decline of warrior traditions and the rise of administrative and revenue collection roles, often held by individuals like Mavji Mehta.
Encounter with Bandits: The story describes an incident where bandits, Vagha Manek and Ruda Rabari, disrupt the peace, even attacking European travelers. Mavji Mehta, understanding the changing times, proposes a strategy that involves shifting the blame for a European's death to the Junagadh Nawab, thereby creating an opportunity for the Gaekwad administration to expand its influence and gain territory.
Administrative Prowess and Strategy: The text showcases Mavji Mehta's cleverness and strategic thinking in navigating political complexities. He uses his knowledge of the region and his ability to manipulate situations to the advantage of the Gaekwad government.
Conflict with Desai Family: It details Mavji Mehta's conflict with the Desai family, who were traditional revenue contractors. By implementing direct royal administration and increasing revenue, Mavji Mehta disrupted their established practices, leading to resentment and attempts to undermine his authority.
Overcoming Challenges: The narrative illustrates how Mavji Mehta, through his intelligence and foresight, overcomes various obstacles, including false accusations and attempts to discredit him. His ability to prove his integrity and expose the corruption of others ultimately leads to his reinstatement and recognition.
Legacy: The section concludes by acknowledging Mavji Mehta's significant contribution to reforming the administrative system, moving away from the exploitative contractor system towards a more direct and efficient royal administration, which benefited the common people and increased state revenue.

"The Vaniyo's Vow" (Page 86-101): This section tells the story of Korashi Patel, a courageous and principled Jain businessman from Kutch, and his unwavering commitment to his principles.

Principle over Profit: The narrative begins with a dialogue where Korashi Patel refuses to give his prized horse to the local Thakor, stating that his daughter's hand in marriage is permissible but not his valuable possessions.
Confrontation and Imprisonment: The Thakor, angered by Patel's defiance, imprisons him. Despite the harsh conditions and threats, Patel remains steadfast in his refusal to compromise his principles.
Clever Escape: The story recounts Korashi Patel's ingenious escape from imprisonment by cleverly tying his rope to an acacia tree and leaving it as a decoy for his guards.
Seeking Justice and Revenge: Upon his escape, Patel, fueled by a desire for justice and to fulfill his vow, seeks help from the ruler of Bhuj, Rao Shri Raydhanji.
Royal Intervention and Resolution: Rao Shri Raydhanji, impressed by Patel's courage and the injustice he faced, personally leads an army to Ratalia to confront the Thakor. The ensuing confrontation and the power of the Bhuj ruler lead to the resolution of the conflict, with the Thakor ultimately accepting the terms.
The Poet's Role: The intervention of the poet Varu Charano is highlighted, who plays a crucial role in mediating the dispute and preventing further bloodshed. However, the poet's tragic death due to a misunderstanding adds a somber note to the narrative.
Legacy of Courage: The story emphasizes Korashi Patel's unwavering integrity and his willingness to stand up against injustice, even at great personal risk.

"The Sea's Mighty Warrior" (Page 102-178): This section is a biographical account of Motisha Seth, a prominent Jain businessman and philanthropist from Mumbai.

Early Life and Rise in Business: The text traces Motisha Seth's journey from humble beginnings in Khambhat to becoming a leading figure in Mumbai's burgeoning trade. It details his early work in a jeweler's shop, his growing business acumen, and his eventual success in the diamond and pearl trade.
The Cotton and Opium Trade: The narrative highlights his significant involvement in the cotton trade with China and the opium trade, which were lucrative ventures during that era.
Maritime Ventures and Expansion: It describes Motisha Seth's ambitious venture into shipbuilding and sea trade, acquiring several ships and establishing a significant presence in maritime commerce. He is portrayed as a "Mahaarthi of the Ocean."
Philanthropy and Jain Institutions: A substantial portion is dedicated to his extensive philanthropic activities, particularly his contributions to Jain institutions. The establishment of Jain temples in Mumbai, including the famous Shantidas Jain Temple, and his support for animal welfare through the establishment of a panjrapole (animal shelter) are detailed.
Social and Economic Influence: The book illustrates Motisha Seth's influence in Mumbai's commercial and social circles, his leadership in the Jain community, and his efforts to foster inter-community harmony.
Navigating Challenges: The text also touches upon the economic fluctuations and challenges faced by merchants during that period, including the impact of the opium trade and the importance of sound financial practices.
Personal Integrity and Values: Despite his immense wealth and influence, Motisha Seth is portrayed as a man of integrity, humility, and deep religious devotion, maintaining a simple lifestyle and prioritizing dharma and public welfare.
Philanthropic Vision: His vision extended to improving the civic infrastructure of Mumbai, and he played a role in addressing issues like the stray dog problem, advocating for humane solutions.

In essence, "Pratapi Purvajo Part 01" is a compilation of inspiring life stories of influential Jain individuals who contributed significantly to trade, society, religion, and the arts, leaving a lasting legacy. The book aims to educate and inspire readers by showcasing their courage, integrity, and philanthropic spirit.