Prashnottar Prakash Part 01

"Prashnottar Prakash Part 01" (Questions and Answers - Light of Knowledge, Volume 1) is a Jain text authored by Muni Shri Sagarchandji Maharaj. Published by Gokaldas Mangaldas in Ahmedabad in 1931 (Vikram Samvat 1988), it is part of the "Shree Bhattachandra Suri Mala" series.

The book aims to clarify fundamental Jain concepts and practices through a question-and-answer format. It addresses common queries about Jainism, its principles, and the correct understanding of various rituals and observances based on scriptural authority.

Key themes and questions covered in the initial part of the book include:

• Definition of a Jain: A Jain is one who follows or worships Jin (those who have conquered internal enemies like Raga, Dvesha, Moha).
• Core Jain Practices: Explanations are provided for Samayik (equanimity), Pratikraman (repentance and confession), Paushadh (fasting/observance day), and the duties of a Shravak (lay follower).
• Key Jain Tenets: The text asserts Jainism as the supreme religion, Jain monks as true ascetics, and differentiates between Digambar and Shwetambar monks.
• Sources of Jain Knowledge: The importance of direct perception and inference (Pratyaksha and Paroksha) as valid means of knowledge is highlighted.
• Observance of Paryushan (Samvatsari): A significant portion of the book delves into the correct observance of Paryushan, particularly the timing of Samvatsari Pratikraman. It strongly advocates for celebrating it on Bhadrapada Shukla Panchami (the fifth day of the bright half of the month of Bhadrapada), citing scriptural evidence and historical accounts.
• Debate on Chaturthi vs. Panchami: The text addresses the controversial practice of observing Samvatsari on Chaturthi (the fourth day) instead of Panchami. It critically examines the historical reasons and scriptural basis for the Chaturthi observance, attributing it to specific circumstances and royal requests involving Acharya Kalakacharya. The author emphasizes that this was an exception (apavada) and not the general rule (utsarga), which remains Panchami.
• Scholarly Authority: The author frequently quotes and references ancient Jain scriptures and commentaries (like Niyukti, Bhashya, Churni, Vrittis) and the teachings of prominent Acharyas (like Haribhadra Suri, Abhayadev Suri, Hemachandra Suri, and Kalakacharya) to support the arguments.
• Critique of Misinterpretations: The book criticizes practices and interpretations that deviate from scriptural injunctions, attributing them to personal bias, group affiliations (gachchha), and a lack of proper understanding of the underlying principles.
• The Role of Acharyas: The importance of following Acharyas who adhere strictly to Jinagam (Jain scriptures) is stressed, and those who deviate are cautioned.
• The Nature of Karma: The text explains how the soul (Jiva), being conscious, binds with karma, which is inert matter, through the influence of passions (Raga, Dvesha) and other factors.
• Panchangi: The concept of Panchangi (the five limbs of Jain scriptural literature: Sutra, Niyukti, Bhashya, Churni, Vrutti) is explained, emphasizing the authority of the original scriptures.
• Emphasis on Jinagamas: The overarching message is the paramount importance of adhering to the teachings of the Tirthankaras as found in the scriptures, rather than following human-made interpretations or traditions that contradict them.

In essence, "Prashnottar Prakash Part 01" serves as a guide for Jain followers to understand and practice their faith correctly, emphasizing scriptural authority and historical accuracy, particularly concerning the significant Paryushan festival. It aims to correct misunderstandings and promote adherence to the true Jain path.