Prachin Tirth Kapardaji Ka Sachitra Itihas

Here's a comprehensive summary of the provided Jain text, "Prachin Tirth Kapardaji ka Sachitra Itihas" (A Pictorial History of the Ancient Tirth of Kaparda) by Muni Shri Gyansundarji Maharaj:

Overall Purpose and Scope:

This book, published by Jain Aetihasik Gyanbhandar in Jodhpur, aims to provide a detailed and illustrated history of the ancient Jain pilgrimage site of Kaparda. It delves into the historical, religious, and social context of the region where Kaparda is located, tracing the development of Jainism and the Mahajan Sangh in Marwar.

Key Themes and Content:

1. Introduction to Marwar and its Jain Heritage:

   • The book begins by highlighting the bravery, generosity, and philanthropy of the people of Marwar (also referred to as Marubhumi or Marusthal).
   • It paints a picture of Marwar in ancient times, suggesting it was once a prosperous region with ample water, even hinting at a former sea where present-day Jaisalmer and Bikaner stand, citing archaeological and poetic evidence.
   • The author emphasizes that Marwar is the origin point of many Jain communities.

2. The Arrival of Jainism and the Mahajan Sangh:

   • The text details the pivotal role of Acharya Ratnaprabha Suri, a disciple of Lord Parshvanath, in spreading Jainism in Marwar.
   • He arrived in Upkeshpur (modern-day Osiya) approximately 2388 years ago and, through his rigorous penance and spiritual power, converted 384,000 households to Jainism.
   • He united the people, overcoming caste distinctions and outdated customs, and established the "Mahajan Sangh" (an organization of merchants and community members). This organization laid the foundation for the prosperity and influence of Jain communities in the region.
   • The book notes that the Mahajan Sangh's influence later spread beyond Marwar as merchants migrated to other regions for trade.

3. Historical Context of Jainism in Marwar:

   • The author lists and briefly describes numerous ancient Jain Tirths and temples in Marwar, including Upkeshpur (Osiya), Korantpur (Korta), Mandavyapur (Mandor), Tinwari, Nagpur, Lodravpur (Lodrava), Jabilpur (Jalore), Phalvriddhi (Medta Road-Phalodi), Merta, Naradpuri (Nadol), Nadulai, Varkana, Ghanerao, Ranakpur, Rata Mahavirji, Nakoda, Pali, Sojat, Ajmer, Jodhpur, Bikaner, Bilara, Pipar, Jaitaran, Phalodi, Khod, Kekid, Mudara, and various places in Godwar and Sirohi provinces.
   • This comprehensive list demonstrates the extensive presence and historical significance of Jainism in the region.

4. The Narrative of Kaparda Tirth:

   • The book then focuses specifically on Kaparda Tirth, describing its historical importance.
   • It notes that Kaparda was once a densely populated and prosperous town, famous for its dyeing industry and salt production.
   • Evidence suggests a significant Jain population, with records indicating around 500 Oswal households in the 17th century.
   • The discovery of a self-manifested (Svayambhu) idol of Lord Parshvanath indicates a strong Jain presence and the existence of temples and monasteries in the past.
   • The decline in population and the destruction of temples by invaders are mentioned as contributing factors to its current state.

5. The Story of Bhandari Bhanumallji and the Temple Construction:

   • A significant portion of the book narrates the inspiring story of Bhandari Bhanumallji, a devout Jain official in the court of Maharaja Gajsinghji of Marwar.
   • Despite being falsely accused, Bhanumallji demonstrated unwavering faith and adherence to his religious vows, particularly his commitment to seeing the Lord's idol before eating.
   • His integrity and the miraculous intervention of his guru (Yati) and the sacred Vasakshep (blessed powder) from the holy "akshay thali" (inexhaustible bag) saved him.
   • Inspired by this experience and guided by his guru, Bhanumallji was motivated to build a grand temple at Kaparda, as the town lacked any Jain temple at that time.
   • He received divine financial support through the "akshay thali," which replenished itself. The construction was planned to be magnificent, even grander than the famous Ranakpur temple.
   • The construction began in VS 1675. However, a lapse by Bhanumallji's son, Narsingh, who opened the "akshay thali" prematurely, led to the cessation of divine financial support, leaving the temple incomplete.

6. The Renovation and Consecration under Acharya Vijaynemisurishwarji:

   • The narrative continues to describe the dilapidated state of the temple and the subsequent efforts for its renovation.
   • Acharya Vijaynemisurishwarji Maharaj took a strong initiative to restore the Kaparda Tirth, facing numerous challenges, including lack of funds, community apathy, and even legal disputes with non-Jains who had encroached upon the temple premises.
   • With the support of dedicated followers like Seth Lallubhai and the legal assistance of Jain lawyers from Jodhpur, the temple's ownership was established through a court ruling.
   • In VS 1675 (Magh Shukla 5, Vasant Panchami), the temple was consecrated with great fervor. Eighteen idols, including the main deity, were installed. The event was celebrated for eight days, drawing crowds from surrounding villages and fostering a sense of community pride.
   • The book mentions that around one lakh rupees were spent on the renovation, with an estimated 20-25 lakh needed for the remaining work.

7. Current Status and Appeal:

   • The book highlights the current management of the Tirth by an executive committee, with active involvement from individuals like Seth Pannalalji Saraf of Bilada.
   • It details the facilities available for pilgrims, including accommodation, utensils, and other necessities, managed by the "Anandji Kalyanji" trust.
   • The author appeals to Jain philanthropists and the community to contribute to the ongoing upkeep and completion of the temple, emphasizing the significant merit of renovating old Tirths.
   • The text concludes with a list of institutions established through the efforts of Muni Shri Gyansundarji Maharaj, showcasing his dedication to spreading Jain knowledge and fostering community development.

Significance of the Book:

"Prachin Tirth Kapardaji ka Sachitra Itihas" serves as a vital historical document, preserving the legacy of a significant Jain Tirth and the contributions of individuals who played a role in its development and revival. It not only narrates the history of Kaparda but also provides valuable insights into the socio-religious landscape of Jainism in Marwar during different historical periods. The book also serves as an inspirational testament to faith, perseverance, and community effort in preserving religious heritage.