Prabhavaka Sthaviro - Book Summary

Here is a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Prabhavaka Sthaviro" by Ramanlal C. Shah, based on the provided pages:

Book Title: Prabhavaka Sthaviro (Impactful Jain Saints) Author: Ramanlal C. Shah Publisher: Mumbai Jain Yuvak Sangh Volumes: 6 parts, combined into one volume for this edition. Focus: Biographies of influential Jain monks (Sthaviras) from the 19th and 20th centuries of the Vikram era.

Overall Purpose: The book aims to preserve the life stories and teachings of significant Jain ascetics from recent history before their lives and contributions are forgotten. It emphasizes their impact (Prabhavaka) and spiritual leadership (Sthavira). The author notes that this collection is not exhaustive and expresses a desire to write more biographies if time permits.

Key Themes and Content:

Compilation of Biographies: The book compiles the biographies of numerous Jain saints, presenting them in six parts, now consolidated into a single volume for reader convenience. The biographies were originally published in the magazine "Prabuddh Jivan."
Focus on Recent History: The saints featured lived in the 19th and 20th centuries, making their lives relatable and their impact more tangible for contemporary readers. The author made an effort to capture details of their lives before they faded from memory.
Inclusivity: The author explicitly states that no distinction was made based on sectarian differences (firka-bhed) when selecting the saints for inclusion.
Author's Inspiration: Ramanlal C. Shah states that studying the lives of these preceding Jain Mahatmas has been a great source of inspiration for him, and he hopes it will inspire readers and provide insight into that era.
Structure and Content of the Summarized Biographies:
- Ghanivarya Shri MuktiVijayji (Shri Mulchandji Maharaj):
  - Context: Lived during a time when Jain monasticism was not in its most flourishing state, with a decline in true renunciates and an increase in the influence of "Shripujyo" and "Yatis." Also, a period of upheaval among Sthanakvasi monks in Punjab regarding idol worship and the use of "muh alcuni" (mouth cloth).
  - Background: Born in 1886 Vikram Samvat in Shialkot, Punjab, into the Upkesh lineage. His father was Sukha Shah, and his mother was Bakorabai (Mahatabdevi).
  - Early Life: Brilliant and strong-willed from childhood. Showed early inclination towards religious practices, taking vows and memorizing scriptures.
  - Diksha: Took diksha at the age of 16 in 1902 Vikram Samvat from Rishi Buterayji, becoming Mulchandji Swami.
  - Key Contribution: Along with Rishi Buterayji and Vriddhichandji Maharaj, he played a revolutionary role in Jain monastic reforms. They challenged the prevailing norms regarding muh alcuni and idol worship in the Sthanakvasi tradition.
  - Spiritual Re-initiation: In 1912 Vikram Samvat, he took "Samvedi" diksha from Pandit Manik Vijayji in Ahmedabad, along with his associates, being renamed Mukti Vijayji.
  - Impact: His reforms and the subsequent conversions of prominent figures like Mahatma Atmaramji led to a significant increase in the number of Samvedi Sadhus, greatly benefiting the Jain tradition, particularly in Punjab's influence on Gujarat.
  - Qualities: Strict observer of conduct, possessed excellent organizational skills, administrative acumen, and a deep commitment to knowledge and meditation. He was instrumental in increasing the number of monks from 25-30 to over one hundred through a strategic approach to diksha.
  - Legacy: Known for his adherence to principles, his organizational skills, and his role in the revival of Samvedi Jainism. He refused the title of Acharya, remaining a "Gani" throughout his life. His lifelike portrait exists today.
- Shri Vijayanand Suri Maharaj (Shri Atmaramji Maharaj):
  - Titles: Nyayambhonidhi (Ocean of Logic), Tarkik Shiromani (Crest Jewel of Logicians), Sarvadarshan Nishnat (Expert in all Philosophies), Naishthik Bal Brahmachari (Perpetual Celibate), revolutionary, visionary, prolific author, musician, ascetic, disciplined, brilliant luminary, and great Jain Acharya.
  - Origin: Born in Punjab, a significant spiritual figure who transitioned from the Sikh tradition to Jainism.
  - Guru: His guru was Buterayji Maharaj. Buterayji, originally Sikh, was born in 1863 Vikram Samvat and took diksha from a Sthanakvasi monk, later undergoing Samvedi diksha in Ahmedabad.
  - Background: Born Dittaram in 1892 Vikram Samvat in Punjab. His father was Ganeshchandra, and mother was Rupadevi. His father had a heroic but tragic end, serving in the army. Dittaram himself was brave and fearless from a young age.
  - Transition to Jainism: His father's Jain friend, Jodhmal Oswal, raised him. His exposure to Jain monks instilled religious values. He was deeply influenced by Sthanakvasi monks Gangaramji Maharaj and Jivanramji Maharaj.
  - Diksha: Took diksha at 18 years old in 1910 Vikram Samvat from Jivanramji Maharaj, named Atmaramji.
  - Intellectual Prowess: Possessed sharp intellect, profound knowledge of scriptures, and exceptional debating skills. Studied various Indian and even Western philosophies.
  - Key Contributions: Played a pivotal role in resolving sectarian disputes, particularly regarding idol worship and muh alcuni. He championed the Sthanakvasi tradition's eventual acceptance of idol worship and reintroduced Samvedi diksha. His efforts led to greater unity and reform within the Jain community.
  - Impact: He is credited with a significant revival of Jainism, particularly in Punjab and Gujarat, influencing thousands and establishing numerous institutions. He authored numerous books, including "Jain Tattvadarsh" and "Agnan Timir Bhaskar."
  - Qualities: Known for his courage, resilience, wisdom, humor, and ability to connect with people from all walks of life, regardless of their religion.
- Shri Vijay Vallabh Suri Maharaj:
  - Origin: Born Chhaganlal in 1877 Vikram Samvat in Vadodara.
  - Spiritual Influence: Significantly shaped by Acharya Atmaramji Maharaj.
  - Early Life: Orphaned at a young age, he showed great bravery and a strong sense of justice.
  - Path to Monasticism: Despite a comfortable upbringing, he felt a calling towards renunciation. After his mother's passing, he took diksha at 17 from Muni Kanjiswami, later receiving Samvedi diksha.
  - Reforms: A major figure in challenging the dominance of "Yatis" and "Shripujos," advocating for a stricter adherence to monastic vows.
  - Activities: Known for his prolific writing, eloquent preaching, administrative skills, and establishment of educational institutions. He authored many influential works and was a key figure in the reform movement within Jainism.
  - Legacy: Revered as a pioneer and reformer, credited with strengthening the Jain tradition and promoting education. His efforts contributed to increased monastic numbers and a greater focus on spiritual practice.
- Shri Buddhisagarsuri Maharaj:
  - Birth: Born Bechar Patel in 1874 Vikram Samvat in Vijaypur, Gujarat.
  - Miraculous Healing: His birth name was Bechar, linked to a miraculous incident involving a snake and a vow to Bahuchara Mata.
  - Early Life: Bright and intelligent, showed early interest in spiritual matters. His encounter with a Jain Acharya sparked his desire for diksha.
  - Controversy and Reform: Challenged the prevailing religious practices and superstitions, particularly the deceptive methods used by Christian missionaries.
  - Scholarship: A brilliant scholar, he mastered multiple languages and philosophical systems. He authored over 110 books, including "Karmayog" and "Mahavir Gita."
  - Key Contribution: Known for his mastery of scriptures, his analytical skills, and his ability to resolve complex philosophical debates. He is also recognized for his tantric abilities and his devotion to "Ghantakaran Mahavir."
  - Legacy: Remembered as a revolutionary thinker and a prolific writer who significantly contributed to Jain literature and philosophy.
- Shri Charitravijayji Maharaj:
  - Origin: Born Becharji Patel in 1874 Vikram Samvat in Vijaypur, Gujarat.
  - Miraculous Healing: His birth name was Bechar, linked to a miraculous incident involving a snake and a vow to Bahuchara Mata.
  - Early Life: Bright and intelligent, showed early interest in spiritual matters. His encounter with a Jain Acharya sparked his desire for diksha.
  - Controversy and Reform: Challenged the prevailing religious practices and superstitions, particularly the deceptive methods used by Christian missionaries.
  - Scholarship: A brilliant scholar, he mastered multiple languages and philosophical systems. He authored over 110 books, including "Karmayog" and "Mahavir Gita."
  - Key Contribution: Known for his mastery of scriptures, his analytical skills, and his ability to resolve complex philosophical debates. He is also recognized for his tantric abilities and his devotion to "Ghantakaran Mahavir."
  - Legacy: Remembered as a revolutionary thinker and a prolific writer who significantly contributed to Jain literature and philosophy.
- Shri Mohanlalji Maharaj:
  - Origin: Born in 1885 Vikram Samvat in Chandrapur, Rajasthan. Originally Brahmin, he became a Jain Yati and later took Samvedi diksha.
  - Intellectual Prowess: Highly learned, mastering various scriptures and philosophies. Known for his sharp intellect and eloquent preaching.
  - Key Contributions: Championed the cause of Sthanakvasi reform, challenging traditional practices and advocating for a more rigorous path. He played a crucial role in spreading Jainism in Punjab and Gujarat.
  - Legacy: Remembered for his revolutionary ideas, his prolific writing, and his significant impact on the Jain community. He is considered one of the most influential Jain figures of the 19th and 20th centuries.
- Shri Mohanalalji Maharaj:
  - Origin: Born in 1885 Vikram Samvat in Chandrapur, Rajasthan. Originally Brahmin, he became a Jain Yati and later took Samvedi diksha.
  - Intellectual Prowess: Highly learned, mastering various scriptures and philosophies. Known for his sharp intellect and eloquent preaching.
  - Key Contributions: Championed the cause of Sthanakvasi reform, challenging traditional practices and advocating for a more rigorous path. He played a crucial role in spreading Jainism in Punjab and Gujarat.
  - Legacy: Remembered for his revolutionary ideas, his prolific writing, and his significant impact on the Jain community. He is considered one of the most influential Jain figures of the 19th and 20th centuries.
- Shri Vijay Shantisuri Maharaj:
  - Origin: Born Sagotaji in 1846 Vikram Samvat in Manadar, Rajasthan. From a Rabari (shepherd) community.
  - Early Life: Showed early spiritual inclination, possessed great physical strength and bravery.
  - Spiritual Path: Deeply moved by Jain teachings and the example of Jain monks. Took Samvedi diksha later in life.
  - Key Contributions: Known for his powerful preaching, his emphasis on compassion towards all living beings, and his ability to resolve conflicts between different communities. He was instrumental in advocating for the prohibition of animal sacrifice during festivals like Navratri and Dussehra in princely states.
  - Miraculous Abilities: Attributed with various miraculous feats and healing powers due to his deep meditation and mantra sadhana.
  - Legacy: Revered for his spiritual attainment, his unwavering adherence to principles, and his widespread influence on social and religious reforms.
- Shri Rajendrasuri Maharaj:
  - Origin: Born Ratnaraj in 1883 Vikram Samvat in Bharatpur, Rajasthan. Brahmachari by nature and later became a Jain Yati.
  - Intellectual Prowess: Highly intelligent, possessing a sharp intellect and a talent for debate.
  - Key Contributions: A revolutionary figure who challenged the prevailing corrupt practices within the Yati tradition. He advocated for a return to pure Jain monasticism and authored "Abhidhan Rajendra Kosh," a monumental work of Jain lexicography.
  - Qualities: Known for his impartiality, courage, and unwavering commitment to truth. His actions led to reforms and a revival of stricter monastic discipline.
  - Legacy: Revered as a reformer and scholar who significantly impacted the Jain tradition, particularly in restoring purity and discipline among monks.
- Shri Dharmasurishwarji Maharaj:
  - Origin: Born Bechar Patel in 1874 Vikram Samvat in Vijaypur, Gujarat.
  - Miraculous Healing: His birth name was Bechar, linked to a miraculous incident involving a snake and a vow to Bahuchara Mata.
  - Early Life: Bright and intelligent, showed early interest in spiritual matters. His encounter with a Jain Acharya sparked his desire for diksha.
  - Controversy and Reform: Challenged the prevailing religious practices and superstitions, particularly the deceptive methods used by Christian missionaries.
  - Scholarship: A brilliant scholar, he mastered multiple languages and philosophical systems. He authored over 110 books, including "Karmayog" and "Mahavir Gita."
  - Key Contribution: Known for his mastery of scriptures, his analytical skills, and his ability to resolve complex philosophical debates. He is also recognized for his tantric abilities and his devotion to "Ghantakaran Mahavir."
  - Legacy: Remembered as a revolutionary thinker and a prolific writer who significantly contributed to Jain literature and philosophy.
- Shri Kuśalchandraji Maharaj:
  - Origin: Born in 1893 Vikram Samvat in Koday, Kutch. From a Jain Visa Oswal family.
  - Early Life: Showed early interest in spiritual matters despite a simple background. Braved challenges like social opposition and physical hardship.
  - Key Contributions: Played a pivotal role in the revival of Jain monastic traditions in Kutch, challenging the prevailing Yati system. Known for his strict adherence to vows and his efforts to reform the monastic community.
  - Legacy: Revered for his dedication to Jain principles, his courage in the face of adversity, and his significant contributions to the spiritual and social upliftment of the Jain community, especially in Kutch.
- Shri Nemisuri Maharaj:
  - Origin: Born Nemchand in 1827 Vikram Samvat in Mahuva, Saurashtra. From a Jain Visa Shrimali family.
  - Spiritual Awakening: Despite a comfortable upbringing and early marriage, he felt a strong calling towards monasticism.
  - Transition to Jainism: Took diksha from Muni Manik Vijayji and later Samvedi diksha, becoming known as Acharya Vijayanand Suri.
  - Key Contributions: Known for his extensive scholarship, eloquent preaching, administrative skills, and efforts to promote Jainism across Punjab, Rajasthan, and Gujarat. He challenged traditional practices and significantly reformed the monastic order.
  - Legacy: Revered as a visionary leader and a key figure in the revival of Jainism, credited with establishing institutions and inspiring thousands.
- Shri Vijaypramsurishwarji Maharaj:
  - Birth: Born Premchand in 1840 Vikram Samvat in Kutch.
  - Spiritual Journey: Left his worldly life at a young age, inspired by Jain monks. Took diksha from Muni Vimalvijayji, later becoming Acharya Vijaypramsurishwarji.
  - Key Contributions: Known for his prolific writing, authorship of numerous devotional poems and commentaries, and his role in promoting Jain education and social reforms. He established several educational institutions.
  - Qualities: Exemplified detachment, compassion, eloquence, and unwavering devotion. His influence extended across communities, inspiring many to embrace righteousness.
  - Legacy: Remembered as a prolific scholar, a compassionate soul, and a significant contributor to Jain literature and social reform.
- Shri Dharmasurishwarji Maharaj:
  - Origin: Born Bechar Patel in 1874 Vikram Samvat in Vijaypur, Gujarat.
  - Miraculous Healing: His birth name was Bechar, linked to a miraculous incident involving a snake and a vow to Bahuchara Mata.
  - Early Life: Bright and intelligent, showed early interest in spiritual matters. His encounter with a Jain Acharya sparked his desire for diksha.
  - Controversy and Reform: Challenged the prevailing religious practices and superstitions, particularly the deceptive methods used by Christian missionaries.
  - Scholarship: A brilliant scholar, he mastered multiple languages and philosophical systems. He authored over 110 books, including "Karmayog" and "Mahavir Gita."
  - Key Contribution: Known for his mastery of scriptures, his analytical skills, and his ability to resolve complex philosophical debates. He is also recognized for his tantric abilities and his devotion to "Ghantakaran Mahavir."
  - Legacy: Remembered as a revolutionary thinker and a prolific writer who significantly contributed to Jain literature and philosophy.
- Shri Kushalachandraji Maharaj:
  - Origin: Born in 1893 Vikram Samvat in Koday, Kutch. From a Jain Visa Oswal family.
  - Early Life: Showed early interest in spiritual matters despite a simple background. Braved challenges like social opposition and physical hardship.
  - Key Contributions: Played a pivotal role in the revival of Jain monastic traditions in Kutch, challenging the prevailing Yati system. Known for his strict adherence to vows and his efforts to reform the monastic community.
  - Legacy: Revered for his dedication to Jain principles, his courage in the face of adversity, and his significant contributions to the spiritual and social upliftment of the Jain community, especially in Kutch.
- Shri Nemisuri Maharaj:
  - Origin: Born Nemchand in 1827 Vikram Samvat in Mahuva, Saurashtra. From a Jain Visa Shrimali family.
  - Spiritual Awakening: Despite a comfortable upbringing and early marriage, he felt a strong calling towards monasticism.
  - Transition to Jainism: Took diksha from Muni Manik Vijayji and later Samvedi diksha, becoming known as Acharya Vijayanand Suri.
  - Key Contributions: Known for his extensive scholarship, eloquent preaching, administrative skills, and efforts to promote Jainism across Punjab, Rajasthan, and Gujarat. He challenged traditional practices and significantly reformed the monastic order.
  - Legacy: Revered as a visionary leader and a key figure in the revival of Jainism, credited with establishing institutions and inspiring thousands.
- Shri Ramchandra Suri Maharaj:
  - Origin: Born Trigunandas in 1840 Vikram Samvat in Kutch.
  - Spiritual Journey: Left his worldly life at a young age, inspired by Jain monks. Took diksha from Muni Vimalvijayji, later becoming Acharya Vijayanand Suri.
  - Key Contributions: Known for his prolific writing, authorship of numerous devotional poems and commentaries, and his role in promoting Jain education and social reforms. He established several educational institutions.
  - Qualities: Exemplified detachment, compassion, eloquence, and unwavering devotion. His influence extended across communities, inspiring many to embrace righteousness.
  - Legacy: Revered as a prolific scholar, a compassionate soul, and a significant contributor to Jain literature and social reform.
- Shri Premasurishwarji Maharaj:
  - Birth: Born Premchand in 1840 Vikram Samvat in Kutch.
  - Spiritual Journey: Left his worldly life at a young age, inspired by Jain monks. Took diksha from Muni Vimalvijayji, later becoming Acharya Vijayanand Suri.
  - Key Contributions: Known for his prolific writing, authorship of numerous devotional poems and commentaries, and his role in promoting Jain education and social reforms. He established several educational institutions.
  - Qualities: Exemplified detachment, compassion, eloquence, and unwavering devotion. His influence extended across communities, inspiring many to embrace righteousness.
  - Legacy: Revered as a prolific scholar, a compassionate soul, and a significant contributor to Jain literature and social reform.
- Shri Kuśalchandraji Maharaj:
  - Origin: Born in 1893 Vikram Samvat in Koday, Kutch. From a Jain Visa Oswal family.
  - Early Life: Showed early interest in spiritual matters despite a simple background. Braved challenges like social opposition and physical hardship.
  - Key Contributions: Played a pivotal role in the revival of Jain monastic traditions in Kutch, challenging the prevailing Yati system. Known for his strict adherence to vows and his efforts to reform the monastic community.
  - Legacy: Revered for his dedication to Jain principles, his courage in the face of adversity, and his significant contributions to the spiritual and social upliftment of the Jain community, especially in Kutch.
- Shri Dharmasurishwarji Maharaj:
  - Origin: Born Bechar Patel in 1874 Vikram Samvat in Vijaypur, Gujarat.
  - Miraculous Healing: His birth name was Bechar, linked to a miraculous incident involving a snake and a vow to Bahuchara Mata.
  - Early Life: Bright and intelligent, showed early interest in spiritual matters. His encounter with a Jain Acharya sparked his desire for diksha.
  - Controversy and Reform: Challenged the prevailing religious practices and superstitions, particularly the deceptive methods used by Christian missionaries.
  - Scholarship: A brilliant scholar, he mastered multiple languages and philosophical systems. He authored over 110 books, including "Karmayog" and "Mahavir Gita."
  - Key Contribution: Known for his mastery of scriptures, his analytical skills, and his ability to resolve complex philosophical debates. He is also recognized for his tantric abilities and his devotion to "Ghantakaran Mahavir."
  - Legacy: Remembered as a revolutionary thinker and a prolific writer who significantly contributed to Jain literature and philosophy.
- Shri Vijayanand Suri Maharaj (Shri Atmaramji Maharaj):
  - Origin: Born Dittaram in 1892 Vikram Samvat in Punjab.
  - Spiritual Journey: Transitioned from Sikhism to Jainism.
  - Intellectual Prowess: Known for his sharp intellect, vast scriptural knowledge, and powerful oratory.
  - Key Contributions: Instrumental in reforming Jain practices, particularly regarding idol worship and the acceptance of Samvedi diksha. He played a significant role in uniting different Jain sects and promoting spiritual understanding.
  - Legacy: Revered as a pivotal figure in the revival of Jainism, with a lasting impact on its philosophy and practices.
- Ghanivarya Shri MuktiVijayji (Shri Mulchandji Maharaj):
  - Origin: Born in 1886 Vikram Samvat in Shialkot, Punjab.
  - Spiritual Calling: Showed early piety and adherence to religious practices.
  - Monastic Reforms: A key figure in challenging traditional norms within the Sthanakvasi tradition, advocating for stricter adherence to vows and the use of muh alcuni.
  - Transition: Took Samvedi diksha in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, marking a significant shift in his spiritual journey.
  - Leadership: Known for his organizational skills and his dedication to increasing the monastic community through strategic diksha practices. He emphasized humility and respected his gurus and fellow monks.
  - Legacy: Remembered for his strict adherence to principles, his administrative capabilities, and his pivotal role in strengthening the Samvedi tradition within Jainism.

The book "Prabhavaka Sthaviro" offers valuable insights into the lives and contributions of these influential Jain saints, highlighting their spiritual dedication, intellectual contributions, and their impact on the Jain tradition.