Prabandh Parijat - Book Summary

This is a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Prabandh Parijat" by Kalyanvijay Gani, based on the provided pages:

Book Title: Prabandh Parijat Author: Kalyanvijay Gani Publisher: Shri Kalyanvijay Shastra-Sangrah Samiti, Jalor Publication Year: Vira Samvat 2462 / V.S. 2022 / 1966 CE First Edition: 1000 copies Price: Rs. 5

Overall Content: "Prabandh Parijat" is a collection of five essays (Prabandhs) on various aspects of Jain literature, history, and philosophy. The book is divided into the following sections:

Nishith Sutra: This section is dedicated to the Nishith Sutra, a significant scripture in Jainism dealing with the conduct and penances of ascetics. It delves into its creation, its authors, its commentaries (Bhashya and Churni), and the geographical origins of its composers.
Mahanishith Examination: This part critically examines the Mahanishith Sutra, another important text, discussing its different recensions, its textual history, and its purported authors. It also analyzes the practices and beliefs associated with "Upadhan" as described in the text.
Paryushana Kalpa and its Commentaries: This section focuses on the Paryushana Kalpa, a fundamental text that outlines the observances during the Paryushana festival. It discusses the original text and provides a detailed overview of its various commentaries (Antarvachya, Kanika, Kirnavali, Vritti, Deepika, Kalpa Deepika, Kalpa Subodhika, Kalpa Kaumudi, Kalpa Vyakhya Paddhati, Kalpadrum Kalika), their authors, and their relative antiquity.
Original Grammar Literature: This section explores the foundational texts and influential figures in Jain and broader Indian grammar. It covers the works of Panini (Ashtadhyayi, Kashika Vritti), Patanjali (Mahabhashya), Bhartrihari (Vakyapadiya), Jainendra Vyakarana, Shakatayana Vyakarana, Chandravyakaran, and Siddha-Hema Shabdanushasan by Acharya Hemchandra. It also touches upon the works of other grammarians and the historical context of their writings.
Ancient Jain Tirthas: This extensive section is dedicated to the historical and geographical exploration of ancient Jain pilgrimage sites. It describes ten "Sutrokta Tirthas" (those mentioned in scriptures) and then dedicates significant attention to the pilgrimage to Mount Abu (Arbuda Tirth). It details the author's personal travel experiences, observations of the natural environment, the condition of the pilgrimage routes, and the inscriptions found in the Jain temples of Abu and Achalgarh. The latter part of this section provides a detailed catalog of inscriptions found at the Delvada Jain temples, Luniig Vasati, Bhimashah's temple, and other sites.

Key Highlights and Themes:

Authorship and Lineage: The text frequently discusses the authorship of Jain scriptures, the lineage of Acharyas, and the historical context of their compositions. It attempts to place texts and their creators within specific time periods, often engaging with different traditions (like Digambara and Shvetambara) and their respective accounts.
Textual Criticism and Analysis: Kalyanvijay Gani engages in critical analysis of the scriptures, pointing out perceived inconsistencies, later interpolations, and potential discrepancies between scriptures and historical evidence. He examines the evolution of Jain practices and the reasons behind textual modifications or additions.
Historical Context: The author situates Jain texts and practices within the broader historical landscape, referencing kings, dynasties (Paramaras, Chalukyas, Deodas of Sirohi), and historical events (like famines during the Maurya period).
Grammar and Linguistics: The section on grammar highlights the importance of understanding linguistic structures for appreciating Jain texts. It discusses the evolution of Sanskrit and Prakrit grammars and their relationship with Jain literature.
Pilgrimage and Temple Architecture: The detailed exploration of Jain Tirthas, particularly Mount Abu, provides insights into the historical development of pilgrimage sites, temple architecture, sculptural art, and the patronage of Jainism by royalty and wealthy merchants. The catalog of inscriptions is a significant contribution to historical research.
Critique of Later Practices: The author, Kalyanvijay Gani, critically evaluates certain practices and texts that emerged in later periods, such as the "Upadhan" ritual as practiced in his time and the "Mahanishith" Sutra, suggesting that some of these might be later innovations or have deviated from the original intent.
Dedication and Support: The publication of the book was made possible by the financial assistance of Shri Kundanmalji Talaji and Shri Chhaganrajji Talaji Dantewadia of Mandavala, highlighting the importance of lay support for the preservation and dissemination of Jain knowledge.

Structure and Approach:

The book is structured thematically, with each "Prabandh" addressing a distinct area. The author's approach is scholarly, involving:

Quoting and Referencing: He quotes extensively from various Jain texts and their commentaries, providing citations where possible.
Comparative Analysis: He compares different interpretations and traditions, particularly concerning authorship and historical dating.
Linguistic Analysis: He delves into the meaning of specific words and phrases in Prakrit and Sanskrit to clarify textual meanings.
Historical Deduction: He uses available evidence to infer the historical context and potential origins of texts and practices.
Critical Evaluation: He does not hesitate to express his own opinions and critiques, even when they challenge widely held beliefs or later interpretations.

Significance:

"Prabandh Parijat" serves as a valuable resource for scholars and practitioners of Jainism interested in the intricacies of Jain scriptures, historical evolution of practices, and the rich tradition of Jain pilgrimage sites. The detailed analysis of commentaries and the extensive catalog of inscriptions make it a significant contribution to the field of Jain studies.