Philosophy Of Mahavira

Here's a comprehensive summary of the provided text on the "Philosophy of Mahavira" by Dr. Satya Ranjan:

The text introduces Lord Vardhamana Mahavira as a transformative figure who emerged over 2500 years ago during a period of widespread ignorance. He is presented as a great and divine personality, not for performing miracles, but for dedicating his life to humanity, upholding the dignity of all living beings, respecting freedom of conscience, discovering eternal truths for peace and happiness, and advocating for human equality. The author emphasizes that Mahavira's contributions are still relevant and worth analyzing today.

Mahavira was born in 599 B.C. in Basarh, near Patna, to a ruling Kshatriya family. He renounced worldly life at the age of 30, dedicating himself to an austere spiritual path for twelve years, during which he attained omniscience (Kevaliship). Following this, he was bestowed with titles like Mahavira (the great victorious) and Jin (the conqueror). For the remaining 30 years of his life, he preached his doctrines, organized his order of ascetics, and finally attained Nirvana (Salvation) at the age of 72 in 527 B.C.

The author highlights the 6th century B.C. as a pivotal time in intellectual history, noting Mahavira's contemporaries like Buddha, Zoroaster, Confucius, Laotse, and Pythagoras, all of whom introduced revolutionary philosophies and founded major religions. Mahavira's contributions to religious development are described as a significant and unparalleled landmark. Despite his noble qualities and potential for leadership, he renounced everything in pursuit of truth to overcome worldly suffering.

Mahavira's sainthood is attributed to his victory over fear and his courage to perform "miracles" (interpreted as actions stemming from inner strength). He is celebrated as an exceptional proponent of social equality, advocating for the rights of both the rich and the poor, the strong and the weak, and the ruler and the ruled. His principles of non-violence fostered peace and tranquility in society through sincerity and strength.

A key contribution mentioned is Mahavira's practice of preaching in spoken language, specifically Ardhamagadhi, a Prakrit dialect. This move broke away from the tradition of using Sanskrit for religious discourse and made his teachings accessible to the common people, earning him their admiration. His doctrines were later codified in Ardhamagadhi, forming the Jaina Canonical Literature.

The text clarifies that Mahavira did not advocate for complete renunciation of the world. Instead, his teachings emphasize controlling passions and impulses to achieve mental strength, leading to a serene, pure, and holy life. Enjoyment of life is encouraged, but it must be of a divine nature, not transgressing purity and dharma.

In the context of the modern age of science and technology, the author argues that Mahavira's spiritual and ethical teachings remain profoundly significant. While science has brought material progress, it has not guaranteed happiness or mental peace. Mahavira's doctrines, when properly understood, can contribute to human personality development, making life more meaningful and reducing societal ills like misery, dishonesty, corruption, and hatred.

The core of non-violence, as presented, is not about controlling external events but about controlling one's inner temper when facing those events. This allows for preserving inner integrity and balance of mind, essentially conquering oneself. Mahavira's principles of non-violence have left an indelible mark on Indian life, fostering admiration and influencing people's hearts.

The text concludes by asserting that Mahavira's doctrines are still vital for today's world, which is characterized by turmoil, violence, conflicts, and the erosion of human values. Imparting his core tenets to the present generation through education could usher in a new era of permanent bliss and eradicate violence. Ultimately, his teachings are seen as a means to deepen thought, broaden vision, elevate the mental horizon, strengthen the mind, and enlighten future generations for a better life.