Pavagadhthi Vadodarama Prakat Thayel Jiravala Parshwanath

This comprehensive summary is based on the provided Jain text, "Pavagadhthi Vadodarama Prakat Thayel Jiravala Parshwanath" by Lalchandra Bhagwan Gandhi.

Book Title: Pavagadhthi Vadodarama Prakat Thayel Jiravala Parshwanath (Jiravala Parshwanath Manifested in Vadodara from Pavagadh)

Author: Pt. Lalchandra Bhagwan Gandhi

Publisher: Abhaychandra Bhagwan Gandhi

Overview: This book meticulously documents the historical event of the Jiravala Parshwanath idol being moved from Pavagadh to Vadodara. It delves into the rich history of Pavagadh, its connection to Jainism, the significance of the Jiravala Parshwanath idol, and the detailed narrative of its relocation in the 19th century. The work is a testament to the author's extensive research and dedication to preserving Jain history and literature.

Key Themes and Content:

1. The Event: The central theme is the manifestation and movement of the Jiravala Parshwanath idol. The book highlights that this ancient idol, originally consecrated in Pavagadh in V.S. 1112, reappeared in Vadodara in V.S. 1889 (Magh Vad 11). This event is chronicled through the poem composed by Kaviraj Pt. Deepvijay, who witnessed and documented it.

2. Historical Context of Pavagadh and Champaner:

   • The book provides a detailed historical account of Pavagadh and Champaner, ancient cities that were significant centers during the Chauhan dynasty.
   • It describes the historical importance of Champavati (Champaner) as a prosperous city with a large population, numerous markets, and temples.
   • Pavagadh hill is described as a majestic mountain inhabited by deities and celestial beings.
   • The presence of Jain temples and statues in Pavagadh is emphasized, including the mention of a Shwetamber Jain temple in the 12th century.
   • The book traces the Jain history in this region from the 12th century up to the 19th century, highlighting the influence of various Jain sects and their activities.

3. The Jiravala Parshwanath Idol:

   • The origin and significance of the Jiravala Parshwanath idol are discussed, with historical references tracing back to its installation.
   • The book details the idol's discovery in Vadodara after being hidden or lost, attributing its reappearance to divine intervention.
   • The specific date of its reappearance (V.S. 1889, Magh Vad 11) is mentioned, marking a significant event for the Jain community.
   • The idol was eventually consecrated in Vadodara as "Kalyan Parshwanath" in V.S. 1896.

4. Kaviraj Pt. Deepvijay:

   • The book extensively features the works of Kaviraj Pt. Deepvijay, a prominent poet of the 19th century, particularly his poem describing the relocation of the Jiravala Parshwanath idol.
   • Deepvijay was honored with the title "Kaviraj" by the Gaekwad rulers of Vadodara.
   • His poems are noted for their historical and geographical insights, often referencing the Gaekwad dynasty and significant events.
   • The author of the book acknowledges Deepvijay's contribution in preserving the history of this event.

5. The Role of the Gaekwad Dynasty:

   • The book mentions the patronage of the Gaekwad rulers of Vadodara, specifically Maharaja Sayajirao II, during whose reign the idol reappeared.
   • The narrative details the involvement of royal figures and local dignitaries, such as the Subedar Girdhardas Patil and Sheth Durlabhdas, in the discovery and relocation of the idol.

6. Detailed Historical Research and Citations:

   • Pt. Lalchandra Gandhi's research is evident through the extensive use of historical texts, manuscripts, inscriptions, and references to various Jain scriptures and scholarly works.
   • The book includes discussions on different Jain gacchas (sects) like Kharatargachha, Anchalgachha, and Tapagachha, and their historical connections to the Jiravala Parshwanath pilgrimage sites.
   • It meticulously lists and discusses various poetic compositions (stavans, phagus, raases) related to Jiravala Parshwanath by different Jain poets from the 14th to the 19th centuries.
   • The author emphasizes the importance of preserving ancient Jain literature and the painstaking effort involved in uncovering and presenting this historical narrative.

7. The Goddess Kalika:

   • The book dedicates a significant portion to the description of Goddess Kalika, identified as the guardian deity (Shasan-Devi) of the 4th Tirthankar, Abhinandana Jin, and associated with Pavagadh.
   • It cites various Jain scriptures and commentaries that describe Kalika's form, attributes, and worship, distinguishing between Shwetamber and Digamber beliefs regarding her.
   • The author also addresses the current state of Kalika worship at Pavagadh and the historical presence of her idols.

8. Structure and Content of the Book:

   • The book is structured into sections covering the "Prastavika" (Introduction), analysis of the poem ("Kavita-ne Sar"), extensive "Aitihasik Sanshodhan" (Historical Research) tracing the history of Jiravala Parshwanath from the 14th century onwards, and "Parishisht Abhiprayo" (Appendix of Opinions) featuring reviews from scholars and monks.
   • It includes valuable appendices like a chronological list of Vikram Samvat dates mentioned ("Samvat-Suchi"), an index of historical names ("Aitihasik Visheshnamoni Anukramanika"), and a list of textual variations ("Path-Bhed") and corrections ("Shuddhi-Patrak").

9. Author's Scholarly Approach:

   • The author, Pt. Lalchandra Bhagwan Gandhi, is presented as a highly knowledgeable scholar, deeply committed to Jain history and literature.
   • His work is characterized by rigorous research, cross-referencing of sources, and a balanced presentation of historical evidence.
   • The book is written in Gujarati, reflecting the author's deep connection to the cultural and linguistic heritage of the region.
   • The author expresses his dedication to serving the Jain community and promoting historical knowledge.

Significance:

This book is a crucial resource for understanding the historical migration of Jain idols and the intricate details of Jain religious and cultural history in Gujarat and Rajasthan. It highlights the profound connection between prominent Jain figures, rulers, and religious leaders, demonstrating the pervasive influence of Jainism throughout history. The author's dedication to meticulous research and the preservation of primary sources makes this work invaluable for scholars and devotees alike.