Patli Putra Ka Itihas

Here's a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Patli Putra ka Itihas" by Suryamalla Maharaj:

Book Title: Patli Putra ka Itihas (History of Patliputra) Author: Suryamalla Maharaj (a disciple of Pt. Pra. Yati Shri Suryamalji Maharaj, who was a disciple of Khartar Gachhadhiraj Jin U. Pra. Vru. Bha. Shri Pujyaji Shri Jinratna Suriji Maharaj) Publisher: Shree Sangh, Patna Catalog Link: https://jainqq.org/explore/035201/1

Overall Purpose and Context: This book aims to provide a historical account of Patliputra (modern-day Patna), with a particular focus on its significance within Jainism. The author, Suryamalla Maharaj, was motivated by a desire to revive interest in Patliputra's Jain heritage, as he observed a decline in the Jain population there despite the presence of ancient Jain temples in a state of disrepair. The book was published by Shree Sangh, Patna, indicating community support for this endeavor.

Key Themes and Content:

1. The Importance of Books and Knowledge: The foreword (Bhumika) emphasizes the growing recognition of the importance of books in society and expresses joy that contemporary writings are increasingly focusing on social, religious, and historical subjects, viewing this as a sign of future progress.

2. Patliputra as a Jain Holy Place: The book highlights Patliputra's profound significance for Jains. It mentions that prominent Jain figures like Swami Sthulabhadra were born there, and Mahamanya Sudarshan Seth attained Kevala Gyan (omniscience) in the city. This makes Patliputra a sacred pilgrimage site for Jains.

3. Historical Significance of Patliputra:

   • Ancient Names and Origins: Patliputra was known by various names in antiquity, including Kusumapura and Pushpapura. The book delves into the legends surrounding its founding, notably the story of the "Palit" tree and its connection to the sage Annikaputra.
   • Mythological and Historical Accounts: The text weaves together mythological narratives and historical references from various texts like Kalidasa's Raghuvansham, Patanjali's Mahabhashya, Dandini's Dashakumar Charitra, Vishakhadatta's Mudrarakshasa, and Vishnu Sharma's Hitopadesha to establish the city's ancient origins.
   • Foundation by King Udaiyin: According to Jain tradition, the city was founded by King Udaiyin, grandson of Shrenik (Bimbisara), during the time of Lord Mahavir Swami, approximately 3000 years ago. Vedic scriptures also support the existence of King Udaiyin.
   • The Founding Legend of the Palit Tree: A detailed narrative is provided about how the city was founded near a Palit tree, which itself has a mythical origin tied to the sage Annikaputra and his wife Annika. This legend explains the city's name.

4. Jain Historical Figures and Events:

   • Swami Sthulabhadra: His life and his eventual role as a spiritual leader are discussed. His intellectual prowess, despite a seemingly "gross" intellect, is highlighted. His renunciation of worldly pleasures, including the position of minister, and his subsequent attainment of Kevala Gyan are recounted.
   • Sudharshan Seth: His attainment of Kevala Gyan in Patliputra is mentioned.
   • Chandra Gupta Maurya: The book presents the Jain perspective on Chandra Gupta Maurya's birth and rise to power, linking him to a peacock-rearing community and the sage Chanakya. It contrasts this with other historical views.
   • King Udaiyin's Story: A significant portion is dedicated to the story of King Udaiyin, who founded the city to escape the grief of his father's death. The narrative describes his emotional state and how ministers advised him to establish a new city.
   • Kala-Kala and King Nand: The reign of King Nand and the prominent role of his minister Kala-Kala are described. Kala-Kala's wisdom, integrity, and eventual downfall due to political intrigue are detailed.
   • Shakdal and Shreeyak: The rise of Shakdal as minister and his son Shreeyak are discussed, including the dramatic event of Shreeyak killing his father to prove loyalty to King Nand, which led to Shreeyak's own elevation.
   • The Succession of Nanda Kings: The text outlines the lineage of the Nanda dynasty and the significance of their ministers.
   • King Ashoka and Samprati: The book mentions Emperor Ashoka's religious activities and his grandson, King Samprati, who is described as a powerful, virtuous, and brave ruler who greatly patronized Jainism.
   • The Great Famine and the Preservation of Jain Knowledge: A severe twelve-year famine is mentioned, during which the Jain community faced the loss of scriptures. The efforts to preserve and recompile the Angas (scriptural divisions) are described, including the role of Acharya Bhadrabahu and Acharya Sthulabhadra in transmitting the knowledge.

5. Geographical and Natural Descriptions: The book includes a section detailing Patliputra's location, its geographical features (rivers like Ganga, Gandak, Punpun, Son), its area, and population. It also describes important landmarks.

6. Notable Landmarks and Religious Sites:

   • Jain Temples: Temples dedicated to Swami Sthulabhadra and Sudarshan Seth are described as ancient and significant pilgrimage sites. The presence of other dilapidated Jain temples and structures in areas like Danka Kucha and Badeki Gali is also noted.
   • Hindu Sites: The book mentions ancient and revered Hindu sites like Shri Badi Patan Devi Ji, Choti Patan Devi, Kali Temple, Gopinathji Temple, and the famous Aagam Kuan (Agam Kuan), a well with a legendary history and associated fair.
   • Sikh Sites: The birthplace of Guru Gobind Singh, Shri Harmandir, is described as a significant Sikh pilgrimage site.
   • Muslim Monuments: Various Islamic sites like Pathar ki Masjid, Pakki Dargah, etc., are mentioned.
   • British Era Structures: The Gol Ghar and the cemetery for soldiers from the 1857 rebellion are noted. The High Court and the Governor's residence are described as modern attractions.

7. Call for Preservation of Jain Heritage: The author expresses concern over the deterioration and loss of Jain historical relics and memories in Patliputra due to the decline of the Jain population and lack of financial resources. He urges Jain brothers from other regions to contribute financially and physically to preserve these invaluable historical remnants, lest they become only "memorable" rather than "visible."

Author's Tone and Approach: Suryamalla Maharaj writes with deep reverence for Jainism and its historical figures. He presents a blend of mythological narratives, historical accounts, and personal observations. His language is respectful and devotional, particularly when referring to spiritual leaders and sacred sites. He clearly expresses his passion for the subject and his hope that the book will reignite interest and action in preserving Patliputra's Jain heritage. The author also expresses gratitude to individuals and organizations that assisted in the book's creation and publication.

In essence, "Patli Putra ka Itihas" is a valuable work for understanding the deep historical and spiritual connections of Patliputra with Jainism, highlighting key figures, events, and landmarks, while also serving as a call to action for the preservation of this rich heritage.