Parshwanath Paramparaya Itihas - Book Summary

This document is a historical account of the Parshwanath Parampara (lineage of Jain acharyas) written by Acharya Shri Devgupt Suri and translated into Sanskrit by Shastri Gorinath Shukla. The Hindi original was authored by Shreemad Upakeshgachhacharya Shree Devagupta Suri, also known as Shree Gyansundar Surishwar Maharaj.

The book, published by Shri Ratnaprabhakar Gyan Pushpmala, Phalodi (Marwar), in Vir Samvat 2471 / Osawal Samvat 2401 / Vikram Samvat 2001, chronicles the lives and contributions of Jain acharyas, primarily focusing on those in the lineage of Lord Parshwanath, the 23rd Tirthankara.

Here's a summary of the key aspects gleaned from the provided pages:

Core Content:

Biographical Narratives: The book presents narrative biographies of Jain acharyas in chronological order, detailing their lives, teachings, achievements, and the periods they lived in.
Historical Reconstruction: It emphasizes the importance of reconstructing Jain history through the publication of such ancient texts, including inscriptions and colophons from manuscripts.
Genealogy and Succession: The text traces the lineage of acharyas, showing the succession of leadership within the tradition.
Principles of Jainism: The book illustrates the core principles of Jainism through the lives of these acharyas, highlighting concepts like:
- Ahimsa Paramo Dharmah (Non-violence is the Supreme Religion): This fundamental tenet is repeatedly emphasized and demonstrated through the acharyas' actions and teachings.
- Compassion and Selflessness: The acharyas are portrayed as deeply compassionate individuals, dedicated to the welfare of all beings, often sacrificing their own comfort and well-being.
- Spreading the Faith: The narratives detail the efforts of the acharyas in propagating Jainism, including preaching, establishing temples, consecrating idols, and undertaking spiritual practices.
- Debates and Intellectual Prowess: The text mentions instances of acharyas engaging in scholarly debates with proponents of other philosophies, effectively defending and explaining Jain doctrines.
- Spiritual Practices: Descriptions of austerities, meditation, and the pursuit of liberation (moksha) are woven into the biographies.
- Social Contributions: The acharyas' involvement in societal welfare, such as providing aid during famines or promoting ethical conduct, is also noted.

Key Acharyas and Their Deeds (as listed in the index and elaborated in the text):

The book meticulously lists and describes the lives of numerous acharyas, including:

Shubhadatta Ganadhar: The first Ganadhar (chief disciple).
Haridatta Suri: Known for his scholarship and refuting opposing views.
Samudrasuri: Described as a poet and knowledgeable in the twelve Angas.
Keshishramana Acharya: Active during a time of prevalence of animal sacrifice in rituals, he is noted for converting many kings to Jainism.
Swayamprabha Suri: Highlighted for his extensive lecturing and his role in converting kings and populace.
Ratnaprabha Suri: Described as a jewel of the Vidyadhar lineage, a founder of the Mahajan Sangh, and a formidable debater.
Yakshadev Suri: Known for his knowledge of all scriptures and his ability to subdue demonic forces.
Kakksuri: A significant figure, with multiple acharyas of this name appearing throughout the lineage, noted for their influence and achievements.
Devgupta Suri: Several acharyas bear this name, indicating a prominent lineage. They are consistently portrayed as influential figures who expanded the reach of Jainism.
Siddha Suri: Also appearing multiple times, these acharyas are depicted as scholars and propagators of the faith.

Narrative Style and Themes:

Devotion and Reverence: The writing expresses deep reverence for the acharyas and Lord Parshwanath.
Emphasis on Action and Virtue: The lives of the acharyas are presented as exemplars of righteous conduct, dedication to dharma, and the pursuit of spiritual liberation.
Overcoming Obstacles: The text often depicts the acharyas facing and overcoming challenges, whether they be philosophical opposition, societal indifference, or even supernatural influences.
The Importance of Renunciation: The renunciation of worldly pleasures and the embrace of asceticism are recurring themes, presented as the path to true happiness and liberation.

Specific Content Highlights from the Pages:

Page 2: Provides biographical data for Shree Devgupt Suri, including birth, installation, initiation, and the conferment of the Suripad (title of Acharya).
Page 6: Introduces the context of the Kali Yuga and the role of great souls (Mahapurushas) in guiding humanity toward spiritual well-being. It acknowledges the challenges faced by the Jain tradition, including the destruction of texts by foreign invaders.
Page 7: Praises Acharya Shree Devgupt Suri for his immense contribution to the Jain community, citing the creation of 241 texts as evidence of his devotion and dedication. It mentions his significant work, "Shree Parshwanath Parampara ka Itihas," which is presented as a comprehensive historical account. The page also discusses the translation process into Sanskrit, acknowledging the challenges involved.
Pages 16-118 (and beyond): These pages contain the detailed biographical accounts of the acharyas, often starting with their approximate birth or installation dates and then delving into their accomplishments, significant events in their lives, and their philosophical contributions. There's a clear chronological progression, detailing the succession of leaders and the spread of Jainism across different regions of India.
Page 12: Contains a "Shuddhipatra" (errata/correction list), indicating a rigorous editing process and a commitment to accuracy.
Page 9: Includes opinions from notable figures like Keshavram K. Shastree (Curator, Gujarat Vernacular Society) and M.S. Desai (Principal, Jubilee Institution, Umreth), validating the book's historical and literary merit. They commend the chronological presentation of the Parshwanath lineage and the ease of the language, despite its scholarly nature.

Overall Purpose:

The "Parshwanath Paramparaya Itihas" aims to preserve and disseminate the history and teachings of the Jain acharyas, serving as a guide for followers and scholars interested in the rich tradition and philosophical depth of Jainism. It highlights the unwavering dedication, intellectual rigor, and profound spiritual attainment of these spiritual leaders, emphasizing their role in shaping and sustaining the Jain way of life.