Palliwal Jain Itihas

Here's a comprehensive summary of the provided Jain text, "Palliwal Jain Itihas":

Title: Palliwal Jain Itihas (History of the Palliwal Jain Community) Authors: Pritam Singhvi, Bhushan Shah Publisher: Mission Jainattva Jagaran Year of Publication: 2017 (V.S. 2073)

This book, "Palliwal Jain Itihas," is a detailed exploration of the history, origins, and religious contributions of the Palliwal Jain community. It aims to bring to light the rich heritage of this community, which the authors believe has been somewhat obscured.

Key Themes and Sections:

• Introduction and Dedication: The book is dedicated to Kumarapalbhai V. Shah, described as a torchbearer who spread Jainism within the Palliwal community. The preface highlights the expansive nature of Lord Mahavir's teachings, not confined by societal boundaries, and the integration of social identity with religious practice over time. It also reflects on the historical period when the Palliwal community, despite its noble lineage (mentioning figures like Pethadshah and Jodharajji), became disconnected from mainstream Svetambara Murtipujak Jainism due to a lack of regular religious discourse and the exploitation of their inherent simplicity by certain sects. The preface also emphasizes the ongoing efforts to re-establish strong religious connections and awaken the community.

• The Establishment of Jain Castes and Lineages: This section discusses how, in the medieval period, Jain acharyas, in their efforts to preserve Jain traditions within converted communities, helped establish distinct Jain castes or lineages. This was partly to differentiate them from the prevailing Vedic practices, which often involved animal sacrifice and the consumption of forbidden foods. The naming of these castes was often based on their places of residence, as evidenced by the mention of "twelve and a half castes" (Shreemal, Oswal, Pallival, etc.) derived from place names.

• The Heartfelt Message: This section reiterates the Palliwal community's presence in North Indian regions like Jaipur, Agra, and Delhi. It highlights the existence of ancient Jain temples and the recent consecration of new ones. The author expresses a strong desire to document the Palliwal history, noting that many in these areas may not be fully aware of their community's glorious past. A point of concern is raised about the influence of the Sthanakvasi community, who, according to the author, sometimes discourage temple visits and idol worship among Palliwal followers. The section emphasizes the Palliwal community's inherent identity as Svetambara Murtipujaks and acknowledges the pioneering work of Sadhviji Shubodayashriji M.S. and Kumarpalbhai V. Shah in reviving religious consciousness.

• The Palliwal Caste and its Origins:

  • Origin from Pali: The primary origin of the Palliwal caste is traced back to the city of Pali in the Marwar region, which was a significant trading center.
  • Dual Nature: It is noted that there are both Vaishya (merchant) Palliwal and Brahmin Palliwal communities, a phenomenon observed in other castes named after cities (e.g., Shreemali from Shreemalpur, Khandelwal from Khandelapur).
  • Brahmin Influence: The close association between Brahmins and their merchant patrons led to Brahmins adopting the names of their clients' originating cities. Thus, Brahmins who migrated with the Vaishyas from Pali became known as Palliwal Brahmins.
  • Historical Context: The period of the 5th-4th century BCE is suggested as the time when Jain acharyas entered the Marwar region and began converting people. The rise of Jainism led to the formation of distinct Jain communities. The text cites the example of Minister Bahad of Upalpur who used a Muslim army to rid himself of the oppressive Brahmins, indicating a period of societal upheaval around 400 BCE.
  • Trade and Prosperity: Pali was a prominent trading hub, with extensive trade networks reaching foreign lands (France, Arabia, Africa, China, Japan, Egypt, Tibet). Palliwal merchants were known for their wealth, extensive businesses, and philanthropy, often spending vast sums on religious activities and supporting fellow community members.
  • The "Palli" Measure: The name "Pali" might have originated from a local measure for grain called "Pali" or "Payali." This theory suggests that farmers and traders who used this measure became known as Palliwal.

• Palliwal Jainism is Svetambara Murtipujaka: This section firmly establishes the Palliwal community's identity as Svetambara Murtipujakas. It cites historical texts and inscriptions that support this.

• The Eighty-Four Nyaats (Castes): The book lists 84 Jain castes and their purported places of origin. The Palliwal caste is listed at number 49.

• Jain Temples Built by the Palliwal Caste: A significant portion of the book is dedicated to listing Jain temples constructed or renovated by the Palliwal community across various regions. This showcases their deep devotion and contribution to Jain religious infrastructure. The list includes temples in places like Hindaun, Sotha, Siras, Sherpur, Alipur, Samraya, Nadbai, Gadh Kheda, Jharada, Kot (Mandawar), Baroda, Deeg, Kumher, Mandawar, Kherli Ganj, Bamanwas, Bichgaon, Khandip, Balaghat, Patonda, Gangapur, Nasiya Colony, Parbani, Maujpur (Alwar), Harshana, Mahua, Alwar (Munshi Bazar), Bayana, Nagao, Alawada, Bhanokhar, Rasidpur, Agra (Ghuliya Ganj), Sikandra, Jain Nagar Firozabad, Choti Choti Firozabad, Ajmer (Pal Bichla), Ajmer (Kesar Ganj), Pali, Chandan Village, Bharatpur, Agra (Jyoti Nagar), Agra (Jain Gali, Shahganj), Kathwari (Agra), Midhakur, Achhnera, Morena (M.P.), Bamor (M.P.), and Jora (M.P.). The list often includes the principal deity and the approximate construction period.

• List of Published Literature: The final pages detail various books published and edited by Bhushan Shah and written/edited by Dr. Pritam Ben Singhvi, covering diverse topics related to Jainism, history, and philosophy. This highlights the extensive publishing work of the Mission Jainattva Jagaran.

Overall Significance:

"Palliwal Jain Itihas" serves as a vital historical document, aiming to:

• Preserve Heritage: Document and preserve the rich history and traditions of the Palliwal Jain community.
• Religious Awakening: Foster religious awareness and reconnect the community with its Svetambara Murtipujaka roots, addressing potential influences from other sects.
• Highlight Contributions: Showcase the significant contributions of the Palliwal community to Jainism, particularly in temple construction and religious patronage.
• Academic Resource: Provide a valuable reference for scholars and individuals interested in the history of Jain communities and their socio-religious evolution.

The book emphasizes the community's ancient lineage, its mercantile prowess, and its unwavering faith, making it a valuable addition to Jain historical literature.