Oswal Jati Ka Itihas

This book, "Oswal Jati Ka Itihas" (History of the Oswal Community), published by Oswal History Publishing House in August 1934, is a comprehensive historical account of the Oswal Jain community. The catalog link provided is to a digitized version of the book.

Here's a summary of the key aspects covered in the provided text, which appears to be the introductory and early chapters of the book:

1. Introduction and Purpose:

• The book is presented as a pioneering effort to document the history of the Oswal community.
• The authors express their ambition and the arduous task of collecting material from across India, involving extensive travel.
• The aim is to illuminate the significant and glorious history of the Oswal caste.
• They acknowledge the immense support received from the Oswal community, without which the publication would not have been possible.
• The authors also acknowledge potential inaccuracies and omissions, particularly regarding inscriptions and photographs, and express a desire for feedback for future editions.

2. Dedication and Acknowledgements:

• The book is dedicated to Shri Man Seth Rajmalji Lalwani of Jamner, who is described as the "chief pillar" of the Oswal history. His enthusiasm and support were instrumental in the book's creation.
• Several individuals are recognized as "honorable patrons" (Mananiya Sanrakshak) and "honorable assistants" (Mananiya Sahayak) for their significant contributions and encouragement. These patrons include prominent figures from various parts of India, highlighting the community's widespread influence.

3. Authorship:

• The book is authored by a team including Shri Sukhasampatray Bhandari (M.R.A.S.), Shri Krishnalal Gupta, Shri Chandraraj Bhandari 'Visharad', and Shri Bhramaral Lal Soni. (Note: Page 5 also lists A. L. Gupta and B. R. Ratnawat as authors).

4. Early Chapters and Key Themes:

• Origin of the Oswal Caste (Oswal Jati Ki Utpatti):

  • The text delves into the challenging task of tracing the origin of the Oswal community, noting the scarcity of definitive historical evidence.
  • It presents three prevalent theories regarding their origin:
    • Jain Texts and Acharyas: Suggests the founding of Osian (Upkesh Nagari) by King Upladeo of Bhinmal around 400 BCE, who was then converted to Jainism by Acharya Ratnaprabh Suri, marking the establishment of the Oswal community. D Bhats, Bhojaks, and Sevaks: Their genealogies point to the founding of the 18 original clans of Oswals in Osian during 222 CE, under the influence of Acharya Rakhprabh Suri.
    • Modern Historians: Based on archaeological findings, they suggest the existence of the Oswal caste and Osian city not before 900 CE, positing Upladeo of Bhinmal sought refuge with the Parihar king of Mandore and established Osian with his help.
  • The text provides detailed accounts of the Jain traditional narrative involving King Upladeo, the Chamuunda Devi, Acharya Ratnaprabh Suri, the miraculous revival of Prince Triloksingh, and the subsequent conversion of the city's inhabitants to Jainism.
  • It critically analyzes these accounts, acknowledging the potential for exaggeration but emphasizing the core elements: the founding of Osian by Upladeo, the conversion of the community to Jainism by Acharya Ratnaprabh Suri, the role of Minister Uhad in building the Mahavir temple, and the approximate time frame of these events.
  • The text also mentions the significant contribution of Jain Muni Gyansundarji, who authored "Jain Jati Mahodhay," supporting the theory of Oswal origin around 400 BCE.

• Rise of the Oswals (Oswal Jati Ka Abhyuday):

  • This section focuses on the gradual development and spread of the Oswal community, particularly after 1000 CE, with the emergence of influential Acharyas.
  • It highlights the principle of "Vishva Bandhutva" (universal brotherhood) as the founding principle of the community, possibly established by Acharya Ratnaprabh Suri.
  • The text discusses the establishment of numerous sub-clans (gotras) numbering over fourteen hundred, often named after influential ancestors, places, or professions.
  • A critical observation is made about the influence of "miracle-mongering" (Chamatkarvad) in the process of attracting people to the community, suggesting Acharyas used supernatural feats to gain followers.
  • It lists the 18 original clans and provides extensive genealogies of their numerous sub-clans, indicating the community's complex social structure.
  • Notable Acharyas who significantly contributed to the community's growth are introduced, including:
    • Acharya Bappabhatt Suri (born 800 CE), known for converting King Nagabhata (Amraja) and contributing to the spread of Jainism and the establishment of the Rajkoshagar clan.
    • Acharya Nemichand Suri (around 950 CE), credited with establishing the Bardiya clan.
    • Acharya Vardhmansuri (1000-1088 CE), who established the Sancheti and Loda clans.
    • Acharya Jineshwar Suri (1061-1119 CE), who received the title 'Khartar' and established Shri Patta Daddha, Tilora Daddha, and Bhansali clans.
    • Acharya Abhaydev Suri (born 1072 CE), known as the 'Navang Vrittikar' for his commentaries on Jain Agamas, credited with establishing the Khitsi, Pagariya, and Medtwal clans.
    • Acharya Maladhari Hemchandracharya, a highly influential figure who interacted with kings, established several clans (Sankhla, Surana, Siyal, Sand, Salecha, Punmiya, etc.), and was known for his scholarship.
    • Acharya Jinvallabh Suri, a key figure in the Khartargachha tradition, credited with establishing several clans like Chopra, Gandhar Chopra, Kukad Chopra, Bared Sand, Kankariya, Sindhi, etc.
    • Acharya Jintatt Suri, a highly influential preceptor who established numerous clans (Dadeva, Pateva, Totiya, Kothari, Borad, Khimsara, Samadariya, Ratnapura, Kataria, Lalwani, Daga, Malu, Abhu, Sethi, Sethia, Ranka, Banka, Ranka, Kankariya, etc.), and whose memorials are revered as 'Dada Vadi'.
    • Acharya Jinchandra Suri, who established many clans (Adharia, Chhajed, Minmi Khajanchi, Bhugri, Shri Shreemal, Salecha, Dugad, Sughad, Shekhar, Kothari, Alawat, Palawat, etc.) and was honored by Emperor Akbar.
    • Acharya Jinkushal Suri, who established many clans (Bavel, Sanghvi, Jadiya, Daga, etc.).
    • Acharya Jinbhadra Suri, who established clans like Shavak, Shamak, Sambadh.
    • Acharya Jinachandra Suri, who was honored by Emperor Akbar with the title "Yug Pradhan."
    • Acharya Hiravijaya Suri, who had a profound impact on Emperor Akbar, influencing his policies towards religious tolerance and animal protection, and is highly praised for his significant contributions.

• Oswals in Political and Military Fields (Oswals in the Political and military field):

  • This section highlights the significant role of Oswals in the political and military history of Rajasthan.
  • It refutes the notion that Oswals were solely a mercantile community, citing their Kshatriya origins and inherent martial qualities.
  • The text details the contributions of Oswals in states like Jodhpur, Udaipur, and Bikaner, mentioning key figures who served as ministers, generals, and administrators.
  • Specific examples include the Bhandari family's service to Rao Jodha of Jodhpur, Mehta Jalsi's role in Maharana Hammir Singh's victory in Chittor, and the illustrious career of Bhamashah, Maharana Pratap's trusted minister and benefactor.
  • Notable figures like Munhot Nensi, a renowned historian and minister in Jodhpur, are discussed for their administrative skills and contributions to historical documentation.
  • The text also highlights the involvement of Oswals in the political affairs of states like Kota, Indore, Kishangarh, Jaipur, Kashmir, and Sirohi, showcasing their widespread impact.

• Oswals in the Field of Religion (Oswals in the Field of Religion):

  • This section elaborates on the deep-rooted religious devotion of the Oswal community, particularly their connection to Jainism.
  • It details their significant contributions to the preservation, renovation, and construction of Jain pilgrimage sites, with a particular emphasis on Shatrunjay and Mount Abu (Delvada).
  • The text chronicles the extensive work done by Oswals like Deshalsinh, Samarsinh, Karmashah, Tejpal, Bhalmalji, and Bhamashah in renovating and establishing Jain temples.
  • It mentions specific instances of patronage and donation towards the construction and maintenance of temples and idols across various historical periods.
  • The book lists numerous Jain temples and inscriptions attributed to Oswals in places like Jaisalmer, Lodrava, Amar Sagar, Kunda, Ranakpur, Shatrunjaya, Delvada, Korata, Pavapuri, Champapuri, Rajgir, and Mount Abu, demonstrating their profound commitment to their faith.
  • It also touches upon the patronage of Jain Acharyas and the establishment of educational institutions like Jain Gurukuls and schools, showcasing their holistic approach to religious and cultural preservation.

• Prominent Oswal Families (Oswal Jat ke Prasiddh Dharane):

  • This section begins to detail the histories of prominent Oswal families, starting with the Gailda clan, specifically the illustrious Jagat Seth family.
  • The text traces the origin of the Jagat Seth family from Nagaur to Bengal, highlighting their rise from humble beginnings to becoming influential financiers and political advisors in the Mughal era, particularly their profound impact on the economy and politics of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa.
  • The narrative of Seth Manikchand and his interactions with Nawab Murshid Quli Khan, Emperor Farrukhsiyar, and the British East India Company illustrates their immense financial power and political acumen.
  • The subsequent chapters promise to introduce other significant families like the Bachhawat, Bothra, Dastani, Bhandari, Sanghvi, and Ved families, detailing their historical contributions and prominence.

In essence, "Oswal Jati Ka Itihas" is a detailed and extensive exploration of the Oswal community's multifaceted history, covering their origins, religious devotion, political influence, and the legacy of their prominent families. The book emphasizes their contributions across various domains, portraying them as influential figures in India's historical landscape.