Notes On Some Prakrit Words

Here's a comprehensive summary in English of the provided Jain text, focusing on the "Notes on Some Prakrit Words" by H.C. Bhayani:

This document, titled "Notes on Some Prakrit Words" by H.C. Bhayani and published by ZZ_Anusandhan, primarily focuses on analyzing the Prakrit word "tuppa" (तुप्प) and its related forms, exploring their etymology, meanings, and occurrences in various Prakrit and Sanskrit texts.

Key Points and Analysis of "Tuppa":

• Core Meaning: The central meaning attributed to "tuppa" and its derivatives is "besmeared," particularly with oil or ghee, and by extension, "greasy."
• Etymological Roots:
  • Bhayani traces "tuppa" to the Sanskrit root tup meaning "to besmear."
  • He notes that the verb tup in Prakrit (तुप्प) is synonymous with the Sanskrit verb lip (लिप्), meaning "to besmear" or "to anoint."
  • The past passive participle is observed as tuppia (तुप्पिय) or tuppiaa (तुप्पिया), akin to luṭṭia (लुट्टिय) and luṭṭiaa (लुट्टिया) from luṭṭa (लुट्ट), and tuṭṭa (तुट्ट) and tuṭṭia (तुट्टिय) from tuṭṭa (तुट्ट).
  • The word tuppa itself can be considered a denominative verb formed from the root tup, with tuppia as its past passive participle.
  • He also posits a relationship between tuppa and guḍha (गुढ) and guḍha (गुढ), with Turner indicating a connection between these terms.
  • The author also touches upon the phenomenon of palatalization (c, j) replacing dentals (t, d) or vice-versa in Prakrit words, citing examples like ciṭṭhai (चिट्ठइ) and tiṣṭhati (तिष्ठति), and cuccha (चुच्छ) and tuccha (तुच्छ) in comparison to cuppa (चुप्प) and tuppa (तुप्प), suggesting that cuppa might be the earlier form.
• Occurrences and Meanings in Texts:
  • Hāla's Gāhākosa: The word tuppa (तुप्प) appears three times. In verse 22, in the compound vaṇṇa-ghia-tuppa-muhiē (वण्ण-घिअ-तुप्प-मुहिऐँ), meaning "having a mouth besmeared with colorful ghee." In verse 520, the same compound is found. Verse 289 contains tuppāṇanā (तुप्पाणणा), interpreted by a commentator as ghia-lippānanā (घिअ-लिप्पाणना), "a face besmeared with ghee."
  • Jain Āgama 'Daśāśrutaskandha': The word tuppāntam (तुप्पांतम) is found, meaning "whose ends are besmeared with oil."
  • Hemacandra's Siddhahema Grammar: In the commentary on 8-1-200, the phrase "besmeared with the oil of Ankośtha" is cited.
  • Desi Sabda Kośa: The entry ghia (घिअ) is linked to ghia-lipta (घिअ-लिप्त) from Anuyogadvāra-curṇi, and ghia (घिअ) to ghia-lipta (घिअ-लिप्त) from Vipākaśruta.
  • Gāhākosa: The denominative ghia-tuppia (घिअ-तुप्पिय) (with variants) appears in verse 529, meaning "besmeared with ghee."
  • Setubandha (15.38): The word guḍha (गुढ) is used in the sense of "ghee."
  • Jain Āgamika Texts: The past passive participle tuppia (तुप्पिय) is found, for example, in Praśnavyaākaraṇa (chapter 3), describing thieves whose limbs are "drenched and besmeared with oil emitted from perspiration."
  • Bhuvanapala's Recension: Tuppia (तुप्पिया) is rendered as ghia-liptā (घिअ-लिप्ता) in the commentary.
• Semantic Development: The author argues that the semantic progression from "to besmear" to "besmeared," "grease," and finally "ghee" (as seen in guḍha/guḍha and tuppa) can be understood through later semantic developments.
• Critique of Tieken's View: Bhayani challenges Herman Tieken's assertion that in verse 20 of Hāla's Gāhākosa, tuppa means "to" and that the meaning "greasy" is based on a misunderstanding. Bhayani cites the variant ghia-liptā for ghia-tuppa and the Siddhahema citation to support his contrary view.

Other Sections of the Document:

While the primary focus is on "tuppa," the document also includes a section that appears to be a separate report or announcement regarding the editing of a grammar work. This section details:

• Merutunga's Balavabodha-Vyākaraṇa: It introduces Acharya Shri Merutungasuri (14th-15th century), a learned scholar and author of several works.
• Editorial Work: The author (Narayan M. Kansara) was entrusted with the editing of Merutunga's grammar by Acharya Shri Kalaprabhasuriji. The work was completed in December 1996 and is currently in the process of being published.
• Nature of the Grammar: The grammar is described as being in the style of 'Kātantra-vr̥tti' and not widely recognized as an independent grammar. It seems to be a commentary on Kātantra grammar with modifications and additions for the benefit of his disciples.
• Structure and Content: The grammar contains 1071 sutras (aphorisms) with a "Balavabodha-vr̥tti" commentary. The sutras are divided into four chapters, each with a varying number of pādas (sections).
• Purpose: Merutunga's intention was to make Sanskrit easily understandable for his disciples, hence the title "Balavabodha" (for beginners).

In essence, the document by H.C. Bhayani is a scholarly linguistic analysis of the Prakrit word "tuppa" and its derivatives, exploring their historical usage, etymology, and semantic evolution within the context of Jain and broader Indian linguistic traditions. The latter part appears to be an update on the publication of a specific Jain grammatical work.