Nonviolence For All - Book Summary

Here's a comprehensive summary of Satish Kumar's "Nonviolence for All," based on the provided text:

Overview:

Satish Kumar, a former Jain monk and advocate for holistic nonviolence, argues that while Jainism's core principles of nonviolence (ahimsā) and manifold truths (anekānta) are profound, the Jain community has often focused too narrowly on personal nonviolence. Influenced by Mahatma Gandhi, Kumar believes these principles have immense relevance and power to address contemporary social, political, and ecological issues. He advocates for extending the practice of ahimsā and anekānta beyond personal practice to become guiding principles for a more peaceful and just world.

Key Themes and Arguments:

Beyond Personal Nonviolence: Kumar's journey as a Jain monk began his understanding of nonviolence. However, he realized that true practice demanded extending it into social, political, and ecological spheres. He likens this to a seedling needing to be planted in the field to grow into a full tree, rather than remaining confined in a pot.
The Power of Silence and Thoughtful Speech: The Jain concept of a "muni" (monk) practicing silence ("maunam") and the practice of wearing a mouth-covering ("mukhapattikā") highlight the Jain emphasis on avoiding the violence of speech. Kumar emphasizes that wars begin in minds and speech, advocating for careful consideration of what, how, and when to speak. He uses a story about Emperor Akbar and Birbal to illustrate how words can be both the sweetest and bitterest things, underscoring the impact of language.
Nonviolence in Action: The 9/11 Experience: Kumar's personal experience witnessing the events of September 11, 2001, in New York City deeply impacted him. This devastating act of violence reinforced his conviction in the urgent need for nonviolence, not as a passive stance but as an active force against hatred and destruction.
The Interconnectedness of Humanity and the Planet: Kumar strongly asserts that "events are never isolated" and that violence like 9/11 has deeper roots. He calls for a shift from individualism ("I") to collective responsibility ("Us" and "We"), emphasizing that the world is a single interconnected home. He argues that America, a powerful nation, has the potential to lead the way in nonviolence.
Humility and Respect for All Life: Drawing on the Jain concept of 8.4 million species, Kumar stresses the importance of humility. He points out that other species do not wage wars, a stark contrast to human behavior. This calls for a recognition of our place within the larger web of life and a rejection of human arrogance or excessive "cleverness."
Globalization of Love, Not Just Consumerism: Kumar critiques the forced globalization of Western values and consumerism, advocating instead for a "globalization of love, of nonviolence, of peace." He contrasts the Cartesian "I think, therefore I am" with the Jain principle "You are therefore I am," emphasizing interconnectedness over isolation.
True Strength Lies in Nonviolence and Compassion: Kumar illustrates that true strength is not in aggression but in overcoming ego and anger. He uses the example of Mahābāhubali, who chose to overcome his anger rather than kill his brother, and Mahavira, who renounced power and wealth for spiritual strength. He argues that modern democracies can learn from Mahavira's example of service over ruling.
Awakening the Jain Tradition to Global Responsibility: Kumar calls for the Jain community to actively share its message of nonviolence in all spheres of life – political, social, and ecological. He reiterates that ahimsā and anekānta are inseparable and essential for the 21st century, not just as ideals for a few but as guiding principles for all humanity. He celebrates the diversity of life and truths, urging against dogmatic interpretations.

In essence, "Nonviolence for All" is a passionate plea from Satish Kumar to re-examine and actively practice the profound principles of Jainism in the modern world. He argues that ahimsā and anekānta offer a pathway to resolving conflict, fostering understanding, and creating a more compassionate and sustainable future for everyone.