Navpada Prakash Part 3 4

This document is the third part of a series titled "Navpada Prakash" (Illumination of the Nine Levels) by Acharya Vijay Bhuvanbhanusuri. Published by Divya Darshan Trust, this volume specifically focuses on the spiritual positions of Acharya (teacher) and Upadhyaya (preceptor/professor) within Jainism.

The text is a compilation of discourses or "Vachanas" (readings) on the worship of these two significant positions. It elaborates on the profound importance, responsibilities, and qualities of individuals holding these esteemed roles in the Jain spiritual hierarchy.

Here's a breakdown of the key themes and content:

I. The Significance of the Acharya Pad (Position of Acharya):

• Supreme Leadership: Acharyas are presented as the ultimate leaders of the Jain Dharma, likened to skilled helmsmen guiding the ship of religion and charioteers of the Dharma chariot.
• Guardians of the Faith: They are described as being constantly vigilant in protecting the Jain Shasan (teachings and community).
• Masters of Knowledge: Acharyas are recognized as being completely conversant with all existing scriptures (Shrut).
• Benevolent Counselors: They are compassionate guides who offer excellent advice to beings on the path to spiritual liberation.
• Upholders of Conduct: Recognizing that mere preaching without practice is of little value, Acharyas are described as strictly adhering to the five great vows and virtuous conduct themselves.
• Preservers and Propagators: They are the ones who preserve and enhance the heritage of Jainism, imbuing it with knowledge, conduct, and pure Jain values.
• Influence and Propagation: Acharyas are influential figures who actively spread and teach the Jain principles.
• Connection to Namokar Mantra: The importance of the Acharya is highlighted by its inclusion as the third verse ("Namo Āyariyāṇaṃ") in the sacred Namokar Mantra.
• Qualities of an Acharya: The text extensively details the qualities, responsibilities, and conduct expected of an Acharya. This includes:
  • Guiding the Chaturvidha Sangha (four-fold Jain community: monks, nuns, laymen, laywomen).
  • Explaining complex philosophical concepts (like Anekantavada) and dispelling ignorance (Mithyatva).
  • Being a source of knowledge, like a "living library."
  • Maintaining unwavering commitment to the Dharma even in adverse circumstances.
  • Upholding the teachings of the Tirthankaras.
  • The text emphasizes their role in establishing the lineage of spiritual succession, preventing disputes.
  • It details instances of disrespect towards Acharyas and the severe consequences thereof.
  • The poem likens them to kings, with their commands followed by the entire Sangha.
  • They are described as being "fresh with truth" (Tattva-taja), meaning always ready with scriptural answers.
  • Their spiritual fortitude is highlighted, enabling them to remain joyful and composed amidst personal or communal challenges.
  • The text emphasizes the need for their teachings to be appropriate to the time and place (Desh-Kaal-chita).
  • A significant portion is dedicated to enumerating the 36 virtues (Chhatrish Guna) and their various permutations, showing the immense qualities expected of an Acharya.

II. The Significance of the Upadhyaya Pad (Position of Upadhyaya):

• Complementary Role: Upadhyayas are described as one of the two wheels of the chariot of Jainism, working in tandem with Acharyas.
• Masters of Scriptures: Their primary role is to study and teach the twelve limbs of Jain scripture (Dwadasangi).
• Preservers of Tradition: They ensure the accurate transmission of scriptures through correct pronunciation and in-depth understanding.
• Explaining Hidden Meanings: Upadhyayas are adept at understanding and disseminating the profound and hidden meanings of the scriptures.
• Promoters of Learning: They are instrumental in spreading scriptural study among ascetics and lay followers alike.
• Dual Pillars: The text likens Acharyas and Upadhyayas to the two essential components (wick and oil) that keep the lamp of the Shasan burning bright.
• Qualities of an Upadhyaya:
  • They are presented as skilled in explaining and propagating the scriptures, thus extending the lineage of knowledge.
  • They are described as being courageous in philosophical debates, like lions confronting elephants (Anekantavada vs. Ekantavada).
  • Their role in safeguarding the Jain tradition and its knowledge is emphasized.
  • They are portrayed as being free from pride, attachment, and illusion.
  • The text lists numerous virtues and qualities associated with the Upadhyaya, often in numerical groupings (e.g., 25 virtues, various sets of virtues).
  • Their dedication to teaching and learning is highlighted, emphasizing that knowledge is their wealth and their path to spiritual progress.
  • The profound impact of their teaching on disciples is noted, leading them towards salvation.
  • The text stresses their role in clarifying the distinction between the soul (Atma) and the non-soul (Jada), crucial for spiritual understanding.
  • Their patience and perseverance in teaching, even to those who are slow to learn, are lauded.
  • The importance of their role in maintaining the accuracy of scriptural texts is underscored.

III. Key Concepts and Themes:

• The Importance of Guru-Shishya Parampara: The text consistently emphasizes the vital role of the Guru-Shishya lineage in transmitting and preserving Jain teachings.
• Virtues and Conduct: A significant portion is dedicated to detailing the immense virtues and exemplary conduct required for these spiritual roles.
• Dispelling Ignorance: Both Acharyas and Upadhyayas are seen as dispellers of ignorance and proponents of true knowledge and right faith.
• Spiritual Growth: The teachings aim to inspire followers to recognize the importance of these spiritual guides and to draw inspiration from their lives for their own spiritual journey.
• The Power of Knowledge: The text highlights how knowledge, especially scriptural knowledge, is the key to liberation and a life of purpose.
• Devotion and Respect: It underscores the necessity of devotion, respect, and adherence to the guidance of Acharyas and Upadhyayas.

Overall:

"Navpada Prakash Part 3-4" is a foundational text for understanding the spiritual hierarchy and the profound significance of the Acharya and Upadhyaya roles in Jainism. It serves as a guide, offering insights into the ideal qualities, responsibilities, and the indispensable contribution of these individuals in leading the Jain community towards spiritual enlightenment and preserving the sanctity of the Jain tradition. The detailed enumeration of virtues aims to inspire deep reverence and emulation.