Murti Ki Siddhi Evam Murti Pooja Ki Prachinta

Here's a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "मूर्ति की सिद्धि एवं मूर्तिपूजा की प्राचीनता" (Murti Ki Siddhi Evam Murti Pooja ki Prachinta) by Sushilsuri, based on the provided pages:

Book Title: मूर्ति की सिद्धि एवं मूर्तिपूजा की प्राचीनता (Murti Ki Siddhi Evam Murti Pooja ki Prachinta) Author: Acharya Sushilsuri Publisher: Sushilsuri Jain Gyanmandir, Shantinagar, Sirohi (Rajasthan)

This book, authored by the esteemed Acharya Sushilsuri, delves deeply into the antiquity and justification of idol worship (Murti Puja) within the Jain tradition. The author systematically argues for the profound importance and long-standing presence of idols and temples in Jainism, supported by scriptural references, historical evidence, and philosophical reasoning.

Key Themes and Arguments:

1. The Antiquity of Idols and Idol Worship:

   • The book asserts that idol worship is not a recent development but is as ancient as humanity and the universe itself.
   • The author cites examples from Jain scriptures and history, mentioning that even during Lord Mahavir's time, idols were created and worshipped (e.g., "Jivant Swami").
   • Historical evidence from archaeological findings, including idols found in oceans and underwater locations (suggesting ancient submerged settlements), is presented to support the claim of immense antiquity.
   • The text highlights that virtually all ancient civilizations across the world have venerated the idols of their deities and revered figures.
   • Specific examples like the idol of Shankheshwar Parshvanath in Gujarat, believed to be from the time of Lord Krishna (25,000 years ago), are mentioned to illustrate the deep historical roots of idol worship.

2. The Necessity and Universality of Idols (Alamban):

   • The author argues that idols serve as essential "supports" or "aids" (Alamban) for spiritual progress, particularly in the current era (Pancham Kaal).
   • It is explained that the universe itself is composed of "material" (Murti-man) substances, making the concept of form and image fundamental to our understanding.
   • The book posits that while the ultimate reality (Paramatma) may be formless (Nirakar), humans, being bound by senses and form, need a tangible, visible form (Sakara) to focus their attention and devotion.
   • The author draws parallels with everyday life, where images, symbols, and representations are used in social, professional, and even national contexts (e.g., national emblems, flags) to represent abstract concepts or entities. This demonstrates the innate human need for symbols.

3. The Philosophical Basis of Idol Worship:

   • The book explains the etymology of the word "Murti" (form, image) and its synonyms, emphasizing its connection to representation and embodiment.
   • It clarifies the meaning of "Puja" (worship) as a special form of respect and veneration shown through various means like mental contemplation, speech, and material offerings.
   • The author refutes the notion that idols are mere inert objects, arguing that the devotion and intention of the worshipper imbue the idol with significance. The example of Arjuna and Eklavya is cited, where Eklavya achieved mastery through devotion to an image of his Guru, Dronacharya, even without direct tutelage. Similarly, Bharat ruled with Rama's footwear, symbolizing the Lord's presence.
   • The text distinguishes between formless (Nirakar) and formed (Sakara) aspects of the divine. It explains that while the ultimate goal is to realize the formless reality, the formed aspect (Murti) is a crucial step and an indispensable aid for most individuals.

4. The Purpose and Benefits of Idol Worship:

   • The primary purpose of idol worship is presented as self-purification and spiritual upliftment, not seeking material boons.
   • Worshipping idols of Tirthankaras and enlightened beings helps in weakening negative tendencies (like attachment and aversion), fostering detachment from worldly pleasures, and encouraging virtuous conduct.
   • Regular idol worship is said to lead to mental peace, a stable mind, purity of thoughts, and the eradication of karmic impurities (Ashtakarma Kshaya).
   • The book lists numerous benefits derived from idol worship, including:
     • Diminishing worldly desires and attachments.
     • Strengthening faith in the Jain Dharma, its principles, and the path to liberation.
     • Cultivating positive thoughts and inner peace.
     • Inspiring renunciation and detachment.
     • Providing a constant ideal of high virtues.
     • Helping in the development of Samyagdarshan (right faith), Samyagyan (right knowledge), and Samyagcharitra (right conduct).
     • Contributing to societal well-being through the construction and maintenance of temples, which serve as centers of spiritual activity.

5. Addressing Opposition to Idol Worship:

   • The book acknowledges and addresses criticisms from those who oppose idol worship, often labeling them as "stone worship."
   • It argues that even opponents of idol worship engage in symbolic veneration in their own ways (e.g., respecting photos, worshipping sacred objects like the Guru Granth Sahib in Sikhism, venerating the Kaaba stone in Islam, praying before crosses in Christianity).
   • The author uses the analogy of a stamped coin (Government mint vs. blank paper) to explain how consecration (Anjanshalaaka/Pranpratishtha) by enlightened souls transforms an idol into a revered representation.
   • The text criticizes those who selectively reject idol worship while accepting other forms of symbolic representation.

6. The Role of Temples (Jinmandir):

   • Temples are described as vital centers for religious practice, akin to schools for education or hospitals for healing.
   • They provide a sacred space for congregational worship, learning, and spiritual discourse, fostering a sense of community and shared faith.
   • The construction and upkeep of temples are presented as acts of merit that benefit both the individual and society.

7. Scriptural and Historical Evidence:

   • The book extensively quotes from various Jain scriptures (Agamas) and philosophical texts to validate its arguments.
   • It refers to the teachings of Acharyas like Hemchandracharya, Haribhadrasuri, and Bhadrabahu Swami.
   • The historical accounts of great Jain kings and patrons like Bharat Chakravarti, Samprati Maharaja, Kumarpal, Vastupal, Tejpal, and others who built numerous temples and installed countless idols are presented as evidence of the tradition's long history.
   • The text also touches upon the historical opposition to idol worship, tracing its origins and the arguments used against it, often attributing it to certain reform movements or external influences.

8. The Nature of the Idol and the Worshipper's Role:

   • The book emphasizes that the true purpose of idol worship is to connect with the virtues and spiritual essence of the Tirthankaras and enlightened beings. The idol serves as a conduit for this connection.
   • The worshipper's devotion (Bhav), faith, and concentration are crucial. The idol acts as a focal point for these internal states.
   • The distinction between "Murti" (the idol) and "Murti-man" (the one represented by the idol) is implicitly made, highlighting that the ultimate veneration is for the latter, facilitated by the former.

Overall Message:

"मूर्ति की सिद्धि एवं मूर्तिपूजा की प्राचीनता" is a scholarly and comprehensive defense of idol worship within Jainism. It argues that idols are not mere objects but sacred aids that have played a vital role throughout history in facilitating devotion, spiritual growth, and the preservation of Jain traditions. The book aims to clarify misunderstandings, counter criticisms, and affirm the profound significance of temples and idols for the spiritual well-being of followers. The author's deep reverence for the Jain tradition and its foundational principles is evident throughout the text.