Multan Digambar Jain Samaj Itihas Ke Alok Me - Book Summary

This comprehensive summary provides an overview of the Jain text "Multan Digambar Jain Samaj Itihas ke Alok me" by Kasturchand Kasliwal, as depicted by the provided pages.

The book chronicles the history of the Digambar Jain community originating from Multan (present-day Pakistan) and its subsequent resettlement and development in India, primarily in Jaipur and Delhi after the partition of India in 1947.

Here's a breakdown of the key themes and content:

1. Historical Significance of Multan and Jainism:

Ancient Roots: The text highlights Multan's historical importance as a significant urban center in Northwest India. It mentions its ancient names like Mulsthan or Mulsthanpur in Jain texts, and its recognition in Hindu scriptures and historical accounts, including a famous Sun Temple.
Early Jain Presence: It asserts that Jainism has been present in the Punjab region since the time of Bhagwan Rishabhdev, with evidence from excavations at Mohenjo-daro and Harappa suggesting the presence of Jain idols and symbols.
Muslim Rule and Challenges: The book discusses the impact of Arab invasions in the 8th century and subsequent Muslim rule, which led to the destruction of temples and scriptures, and the assimilation of some of the population into Islam. Despite these challenges, the Jain community persisted.
Spiritual Flourishing: The 17th century saw a significant spiritual awakening in Multan, influenced by the teachings of Mahakavi Banarasidas and the study of texts like "Samaysar." This period fostered a strong tradition of spiritual discourse and practice among the Jains, including Ooswal families.

2. The Multan Digambar Jain Community:

Identity and Faith: The community is consistently described as deeply religious, devoted to the Tirthankaras (Dev), scriptures (Shastra), and enlightened monks (Guru). They are noted for their adherence to the Veetrag path and their spiritual curiosity.
Resilience and Perseverance: The community faced immense hardship due to the partition of India, losing their ancestral homes, businesses, and possessions. However, their faith and determination allowed them to resettle and rebuild their lives.
Key Individuals and Their Contributions: The book extensively details the lives and contributions of prominent individuals within the community, highlighting their dedication to religious practices, social service, and the preservation of Jain heritage. This includes figures like:
- Pandit Toḍarmal: His "Rahasypūrṇa Ciṭṭhī" (Mysterious Letter) written in response to queries from the Multan Jain community is considered a foundational text, reflecting the community's intellectual and spiritual depth.
- Vardhman Nolakha and Amolaka Bai: Recognized for their scholarly and poetic contributions.
- Lurindamal Singvi: Noted for his extensive literary activities and dedication to transcribing scriptures.
- Doulatram Oswal: A poet who contributed to Jain literature.
- Ghanshyamdas Singvi, Chhaganmal Singvi, Amararam Bagwani, Jasudas Bagwani, and others: Highlighted for their leadership, business acumen, and significant contributions to social and religious activities, particularly the establishment of the Digambar Jain temple in Adarsh Nagar, Jaipur.
- Pandit Ajitkumar Shastri: A scholar who played a crucial role in the community's religious education and the publication of Jain literature.

3. Migration to India and Resettlement in Jaipur:

The Exodus: Following the partition, the Jain community from Multan and Dera Ghazi Khan faced the difficult decision of leaving their homeland. The text vividly describes the emotional turmoil of leaving behind their ancestral properties and the challenges of migrating to India.
Preservation of Heritage: A significant aspect of their migration was the meticulous effort to preserve their religious artifacts. The idols of deities and ancient scriptures were carefully transported to India, signifying their unwavering commitment to their faith.
Establishment in Jaipur: The community largely settled in Jaipur, where they were allocated plots in the Adarsh Nagar area. They then embarked on building a magnificent Digambar Jain temple and a "Mahavir Kirti Stambh" (Victory Pillar of Lord Mahavir) to commemorate the 2500th Nirvana anniversary of Lord Mahavir.
Community Building in Jaipur: The book details the process of temple construction, fundraising, and the establishment of community centers like the "Mahavir Kalyan Kendra" (Mahavir Welfare Center) which included an Ayurvedic dispensary. It highlights the collaborative efforts of the community members in Jaipur and Delhi.

4. Religious and Social Activities:

Devotion and Rituals: The text emphasizes the community's deep devotion through daily worship, collective prayers, and participation in festivals like Dashalakshan, Ashtahnika, and Diwali with great fervor.
Spiritual Discourse and Education: Regular scripture classes (Shastra Sabhas), spiritual discourses, and the study of important Jain texts were integral to their community life. The establishment of libraries ("Shastra Bhandar") was crucial for preserving and disseminating Jain knowledge.
Charitable Works: The community demonstrated a strong commitment to social welfare through activities like the Mahavir Kalyan Kendra, which provided medical aid. The establishment of the Mahavir Jeeva Kalyan Samiti further highlights their philanthropic endeavors.
Cultural Preservation: The book also touches upon their efforts to maintain their cultural identity through practices like their distinctive wedding rituals and the preservation of traditional songs and literature.

5. Key Institutions and Landmarks:

Digambar Jain Mandir, Adarsh Nagar, Jaipur: This is the central focus of the post-partition narrative. The book details its construction, its silver jubilee celebration, and the idols brought from Multan.
Mahavir Kirti Stambh: A pillar built in Jaipur to commemorate Lord Mahavir's 2500th Nirvana anniversary, symbolizing the community's respect and dedication.
Mahavir Kalyan Kendra: A welfare center that includes an Ayurvedic dispensary, showcasing their commitment to public health.
Shastra Bhandars: The preservation of ancient Jain manuscripts is a significant theme, highlighting the community's dedication to their religious literature.

6. Notable Figures and Families:

The book extensively lists and profiles numerous influential individuals and families from the Multan, Dera Ghazi Khan, and later Jaipur and Delhi communities. These profiles often include their lineage, business activities, philanthropic contributions, and roles in community development. Prominent families like Singvi, Bagwani, Kherawala, Noula, Parakh, and Duggar are frequently mentioned.

7. The "Rahasypūrṇa Ciṭṭhī":

This specific letter from Pandit Toḍarmalji to the Multan community is highlighted as a testament to the community's philosophical inquiries and the Pandit's profound knowledge. It is considered a valuable spiritual heritage.

8. Post-Partition Achievements:

The book celebrates the community's remarkable ability to resettle and rebuild their lives in India, demonstrating their resilience and entrepreneurial spirit.
The construction of the Adarsh Nagar temple and the Mahavir Kirti Stambh are presented as symbols of their enduring faith and dedication to their religious and cultural heritage.

In essence, "Multan Digambar Jain Samaj Itihas ke Alok me" is a detailed historical account that celebrates the journey of a resilient and devout Jain community, tracing their roots in Multan, their struggles during the partition, and their successful establishment and continued contribution to Jainism and society in India. It serves as a testament to their faith, perseverance, and commitment to preserving their rich cultural and religious legacy.