Mevad Rajya Ki Raksha Me Jainiyo Ka Yogadan - Book Summary

Here's a comprehensive summary of the provided Jain text in English:

The book "Mevad Rajya ki Raksha me Jainiyo ka Yogadan" (Contribution of Jains in the Defense of the Mewar State) by Dr. Dev Kothari highlights the significant and often overlooked role of Jains in the history of Mewar. The author emphasizes that the contributions of Jains, from ministers and warriors to philanthropists, are as integral to Mewar's glorious narrative as the fragrance is to a flower.

Early Origins and Flourishing of Jainism in Mewar:

The presence of Jainism in Mewar dates back to before the 5th century BCE. An inscription from Badli mentions the city of 'Majjhika' (modern Nagari) in the Mewar region.
In the 3rd century BCE, Jain monks established a branch of the Jain Sangha in 'Majjhmiya,' a significant center of Jain culture during the Maurya period, as evidenced by stone inscriptions found in Mathura.
Although Majjhika was eventually destroyed by foreign invasions, Jainism persisted and flourished, impacting all levels of society, from citizens to rulers.
Places like Nagda, Ahhar, Chittorgarh, Delwara, Kumbhalgarh, Javer, Dhulev, Ranakpur, and Udaipur became prominent symbols of Jainism and its culture in Mewar. Many villages also attained the status of holy pilgrimage sites.
Archaeological and epigraphic evidence strongly supports the invaluable contribution of Jains to the social, cultural, and economic development of Mewar.

Jain Influence on Mewar's Rulers:

While the exact timeline of Jainism's interaction with Mewar's rulers is debated, historical records indicate the presence of Jain Acharyas in the region from the 1st century CE onwards.
Prominent Jain scholars like Siddhansen Diwakar and Acharya Haribhadra Suri had a significant influence in the 6th and 8th centuries CE, respectively.
The strongest evidence of Jain influence emerges during the reign of Rana Bhart Bhatt, when an idol of Adinath Bhagwan was consecrated in the Guhil region in 1000 CE. Subsequently, Jainism came into direct contact with rulers like Maharaval Jetrasingh, Maharana Tejsingh, and Samarasingh.

Jains as Pillars of Mewar's Security and Stability:

Upon entering the royal family's circle, Jainism received extensive patronage. In turn, Jains, through their military prowess, foresight, diplomacy, and administrative skills, provided security and stability to the Mewar state.
There were instances when the reins of power were lost by the Suryavanshi Guhil (Sissodia) rulers or when their authority weakened due to political circumstances. In such critical moments, loyal Jain followers, using their diplomatic strategies and strength, helped the rulers regain their thrones.
Despite having the opportunity to seize power for themselves, these patriotic and loyal Jain individuals chose to uphold the traditional rule of Mewar, shedding their blood to protect its security, stability, and unity.

Countering Accusations and Highlighting Contributions:

The text addresses the accusation that Jains, as adherents of ahimsa (non-violence), were cowardly or religiously fearful, and lacked military qualities or were mere moneylenders. The author asserts that this is a one-sided and ignorant viewpoint.
Various royal decrees, grants, copper plates, inscriptions, poetic works, historical chronicles, and folk songs serve as strong evidence of their valor and contributions.
Jains served in various administrative and military positions, including Pradhan (Prime Minister), Diwan, Faujbakhshi (Commander), Mutasaddi (Clerk), Hakim (Governor), and Kamdar (Manager). Individuals from various Jain communities, such as Mehta, Kavadiya, Gandhi, Bolia, Galundia, and Kothari, held these important roles.

Notable Jain Personalities and Their Contributions:

The book then details the contributions of several prominent Jain figures:

Jalsi Mehta: Considered the first savior and devoted follower of Mewar during the 14th century CE. He played a crucial role in helping Hamir, the Sissodia ruler, reclaim Chittorgarh from Maldev, which ultimately led to the establishment of the Sissodia dynasty.
Ramdev and Sahanpal: Served as state ministers during the reigns of Maharana Kshetarsingh and Lakshsingh (Lakhha), and later during the rule of Maharana Mokal and Kumbha. Their wise counsel and administrative skills contributed to the rise of Jainism in Mewar.
Tolashah and Karmashah: Tolashah was the Diwan during Maharana Sangha's time and contributed significantly to the state's expansion. His son, Karmashah, served as a minister under Maharana Ratan Singh II.
Mehta Chilji: A descendant of Jalsi Mehta, he was the fort commander of Chittorgarh. During Banvir's rule, he conspired with Ashadehpura, the fort commander of Kumbhalgarh, to help Maharana Udai Singh regain control of Chittorgarh.
Kavadiya Bharmal: A brave warrior and politically astute individual. He was appointed fort commander of the strategically important Ranthambore fort by Maharana Sangha and later honored as a chief feudatory by Maharana Udai Singh.
Bhamashah and Tarachand: These brothers were sons of Kavadiya Bharmal. Bhamashah was a trusted advisor and minister to Maharana Pratap, providing significant financial and logistical support, enabling Pratap to continue his resistance against Akbar. Tarachand was also a skilled soldier and administrator, successfully defending Sadri against Akbar's forces and contributing to the cultural development by commissioning the "Gora Badal Padmini Chaupai."
Jivashah: Son of Bhamashah, he served as Pradhan under Maharana Amarsingh and was sent to Ajmer to advise Kunwar Karnsingh.
Rangoji Bolia: Played a pivotal role in brokering the peace treaty between Maharana Amarsingh and Emperor Jahangir, thereby ending the long conflict between Mewar and the Mughal Empire.
Akshyaraj: Grandson of Jivashah, he served as Pradhan under Maharana Karnsingh and Maharana Jagatsingh, leading campaigns to assert Mewar's dominance.
Singhvi Dayaldas: A loyal minister to Maharana Rajsingh, he saved the Maharana's life through his vigilance. He also led successful retaliatory campaigns against Aurangzeb's forces in Malwa. He was a devout follower of Jainism and contributed to its growth by constructing temples.
Shah Devkaran: A skilled administrator during Maharana Sangram Singh II's reign, he played a role in quelling unrest and ensuring the state's financial stability, even during periods of famine.
Mehta Agrachand: Served with distinction during the tumultuous period of Maharana Ari Singh II's reign, holding positions like fort commander and Diwan. He bravely fought and was captured during a battle with Madhavrao Scindia.
Somchand Gandhi: Appointed Pradhan during Maharana Bhim Singh's reign, he played a crucial role in stabilizing the state's finances, resolving internal conflicts among nobles, and repelling Maratha incursions. Tragically, he was assassinated by disgruntled chieftains.
Mehta Maldas: A valiant warrior and general, he led the combined Mewar and Kota army against the Marathas, achieving significant victories. He was also a capable administrator.
Mehta Ramsingh: Held the position of Pradhan multiple times during the reigns of Maharana Bhim Singh and Maharana Jwansingh. He was instrumental in improving Mewar's economic condition and negotiating with the British. Despite his competence, he faced opposition and was eventually forced to leave Mewar.
Seth Jorawarmal Bapna: Though primarily a businessman, his association with the Mewar state from Maharana Bhim Singh's time onwards significantly contributed to its defense and economic management. He established new settlements, provided financial aid to farmers, and helped maintain peace and order.
Kothari Kesrisingh: A highly intelligent and astute administrator, he served in various capacities, including Hakim of 'Rawali Dukan' and 'Daan' department, and was also appointed the Maharana's personal advisor and later the Pradhan. He was a member of the Regency Council and played a role in managing the state during the famine.

The book concludes by stating that beyond these prominently mentioned figures, numerous other Jain heroes also sacrificed their lives for the protection of Mewar, bringing glory to the Jain community through their selfless service to their motherland and state.