Mara Mahavir Tara Mahavir - Book Summary

This is a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Mara Mahavir Tara Mahavir" by Rohit A. Shah, based on the provided pages:

The book "Mara Mahavir Tara Mahavir" (My Mahavir, Your Mahavir) by Rohit A. Shah, published by Gurjar Granthratna Karyalay in Ahmedabad, is a collection of essays and reflections on Lord Mahavir and the Jain faith. The central theme that resonates throughout the text is the urgent need for unity within the Jain community and a deeper, more authentic understanding and practice of Mahavir's teachings, moving beyond sectarian divisions and superficial rituals.

Here's a breakdown of the key themes and arguments presented in the book, based on the provided excerpts:

1. The Problem of Division and Sectarianism:

The author strongly criticizes the internal divisions within the Jain community, particularly the distinctions between Shwetambar and Digambar, and further sub-sects like Terapanth and Sthanakvasi.
He argues that while differences in opinion are welcome, differences in sentiment ("lagni-bhed") are detrimental and go against Mahavir's message of universal friendship.
The author points out that these divisions, often fueled by religious leaders (sadhus), lead to disputes over matters like temple ownership (tirtha), religious dates (tithi), and even fundamental interpretations of Mahavir's life.
He laments that instead of uniting under Mahavir's umbrella, Jains are caught in the divisive trap of "my Mahavir" versus "your Mahavir," which distances them from the true essence of Mahavir's message.

2. The Call for Unity and "Everyone's Mahavir":

The core message is to embrace the truth that Mahavir belongs to everyone ("Sau na Mahavir").
The author advocates for abandoning the disputes of "who is right and who is wrong" and instead welcoming the truth of unity.
He believes that the true pursuit of Mahavir can only begin with the unity of Jains.
He suggests that Mahavir is found in dialogue, not in arguments; in friendship, not in animosity; in spiritual practice, not in ostentation; and in the heart, not just in temples.

3. Critiques of Contemporary Jain Practices:

Ostentatious Rituals: The author questions the practice of offering gold, silver, and jewels ("aangio") to idols, especially when Mahavir himself renounced all possessions, including clothing. He sees this as a display of wealth and a misunderstanding of the concept of detachment.
Elaborate Processions (Vara-ghoda): The author criticizes the grand processions and fanfare associated with Mahavir's birth celebrations, viewing them as a form of "dambhotsav" (festival of hypocrisy) rather than genuine devotion. He questions the purpose and impact of such ostentatious displays.
Commercialization of Religion: He expresses concern about religious programs becoming commercialized, with self-serving gurus and organizers using Mahavir's name for personal gain or prestige.
Focus on External Rituals Over Inner Transformation: The author emphasizes that merely reciting scriptures, performing rituals, or engaging in outward displays without inner transformation and ethical conduct is futile. He contrasts the impact of Mahavir's teachings on animals with the limited impact of modern religious discourse on his followers.
Misinterpretation of Mahavir's Teachings: The author addresses specific points of contention between Jain sects, like Mahavir's marital status and his initiation, suggesting that different interpretations might arise from different perspectives, but the ultimate goal should be understanding Mahavir's core principles.
Armchair Preaching vs. Practice: He criticizes those who preach about Mahavir's teachings but fail to embody them in their own lives, highlighting the disconnect between words and actions.
Questioning the Value of Constant Temple Construction: The author questions the relentless pursuit of building new temples, suggesting that a focus on Jain unity and practical support for the community might be more impactful.
Child Initiation: He advocates for abolishing child initiation, proposing that individuals should complete their education before making such a significant life decision, aligning with Mahavir's own contemplative approach before renunciation.
Control Over Religious Publications: He suggests a committee for approving books published by monks to ensure quality and prevent the spread of misinformation.

4. Mahavir's Core Teachings and Their Relevance:

Non-violence (Ahimsa): Mahavir's ahimsa is presented not just as an absence of violence but as universal friendship, compassion, and the principle of "Live and let live." He advocated for inner victory over external enemies (desires, anger, ego).
Non-possession (Aparigraha): The author stresses that true aparigraha is not merely the absence of material possessions but the absence of attachment and desire. He critiques the accumulation of wealth even by ascetics and the lavish spending on rituals.
Non-absolutism (Anekanta): Mahavir's principle of anekanta (non-absolutism) is highlighted as the foundation of Jainism, promoting the understanding that truth can be seen from multiple perspectives. This principle is seen as the antidote to sectarian conflict.
Scientific Temperament: The author posits that Mahavir was a scientist-like figure, evidenced by his understanding of life in plants and water, and his emphasis on environmental consciousness centuries ago.
Importance of Intellect (Buddhi) in Religion: Contrary to the notion that religion is solely a matter of faith, the author emphasizes Mahavir's teaching that the understanding and decision-making regarding dharma should be based on intellect and reason. Blind faith is discouraged.
Character Over Rituals: The book consistently argues that true devotion lies in embodying Mahavir's character – his compassion, detachment, courage, and integrity – rather than in performing elaborate rituals or displays of wealth.
Mahavir as a Revolutionary: Mahavir is portrayed as a revolutionary thinker who challenged the prevailing social norms and religious practices of his time.
Mahavir's Relevance Today: The author asserts that Mahavir's teachings are not bound by time and remain relevant for contemporary issues like environmental pollution, interfaith harmony, and personal ethics.

5. The Ideal Follower of Mahavir:

An ideal follower is one who not only believes in Mahavir but also strives to understand and practice his teachings.
Such a follower is characterized by inner transformation, detachment, compassion, and a spirit of unity.
They are encouraged to be self-reliant ("Appo Deepo Bhava" – Be your own light) rather than dependent on external authorities or rituals.
The author calls for a shift from superficial devotion and ritualistic displays to practical application of Mahavir's principles in daily life, such as promoting unity, supporting the needy, and fostering genuine ethical conduct.
He suggests a "Jain Job Bureau" as a practical way to address unemployment within the community, prioritizing livelihoods over temple building.

In essence, "Mara Mahavir Tara Mahavir" is a passionate plea for introspection and reform within the Jain community. It encourages readers to look beyond the superficial manifestations of faith and delve into the profound philosophy and ethical framework laid down by Lord Mahavir, ultimately advocating for a unified and authentic practice of Jainism.