Manaviya Me Nari Ka Sthan

Here is a comprehensive summary in English of the provided Jain text, "Manaviya me Nari ka Sthan" by Indira Joshi:

Title: The Place, Importance, and Evaluation of Women in Human Development

Author: Prof. Dr. Indira Joshi (Head, Hindi Department, University of Jodhpur)

Publisher: Z_Sadhviratna_Pushpvati_Abhinandan_Granth_012024.pdf

Catalog Link: https://jainqq.org/explore/211719/1

This chapter, "The Place, Importance, and Evaluation of Women in Human Development," from the Sadhviratna Pushpavati Abhinandan Granth, emphasizes the profound and indispensable role of women in the creation, development, and progress of humanity and civilization.

The author begins by reflecting on the vastness of the universe and the seemingly insignificant position of Earth, yet highlights its paramount importance to humanity because it is our home. This Earth is likened to a mother (Dharti Mata) who nurtures all life. Humanity, the most developed of Earth's creatures, is distinguished by its civilization and culture. The text argues that the mother, or woman, is the most precious jewel of this Earth, being a miniature embodiment of Mother Earth herself. The text extols the mother as being more glorious than heaven itself, acknowledging her as the primary cause of human existence.

The core of the chapter is dedicated to showcasing the immense contributions and inherent qualities of women:

• Nurturing and Sacrifice: Women are portrayed as beings of boundless compassion and altruism. They give physical form to humans with their blood and bone, carry them in their wombs, and nourish them with their very lifeblood, demonstrating unimaginable self-sacrifice and austerity. From the first moment of life, women breastfeed their children, making them strong and healthy.
• First Teacher and Socializer: In infancy, when humans are utterly helpless, women guide them, teach them to walk, and make them social beings. The mother is the first language teacher, as the language learned from her becomes the mother tongue. This mastery of language is presented as a key differentiator that elevates humans above all other creatures.
• Foundation of Civilization and Culture: The chapter asserts that women are the first educators in civilization. Modern child psychology, particularly the theories of Maria Montessori, highlights the crucial developmental period from ages 2 to 5. During this time, children are highly receptive to subtle influences. Mothers who dedicate themselves to their children's care and education in these early years are instrumental in shaping future leaders. The child's first experience of dependence and devotion is towards their mother, thus learning the initial lessons of devotion to a guru from her.
• Guardians of Tradition and Culture: The responsibility of protecting India's heritage, civilization, and culture has always rested on the shoulders of women. While fathers play a role, the primary responsibility for a child's early upbringing and cultural education lies with the mother. This tradition of the mother as the initial educator continues even with the existence of "Gurukuls" (traditional residential schools) for higher learning. Thus, women play a primary role in propelling men and humanity forward.
• The Essence of Culture: Culture is defined as the cultivation of good thoughts, stemming from "sanskaras" (virtuous impressions). It is emphasized that these sanskaras are first imparted by the mother, especially during the formative early years. The analogy of a farmer meticulously preparing land, sowing seeds, and nurturing plants is used to illustrate the woman's role in cultivating a cultured individual. This task, requiring immense care and awareness, makes woman's importance in cultural enrichment immeasurable and beyond mere evaluation.
• The Heart of the Home: The ancient Indian saying, "Grihini iti Grihah" (The wife is the home), is central. A home without a woman is described as a "haunted dwelling." Women are the "Griha Lakshmi" (Goddess of the Home), responsible for building, running, and beautifying the home.
• The Fabric of Society: Humans are social beings who thrive in community. Society itself is a family, composed of many families, with the home being its smallest unit. The woman, as the "Grihani" or mistress of the home, is its guiding force. From families come neighborhoods, villages, and cities. The text cites Manu Smriti, stating that in homes where the woman (Griha Lakshmi) is respected and honored, deities reside, and prosperity flows. Conversely, where women are disrespected, all endeavors become futile.
• Inspiration for Greatness: The chapter highlights historical and mythological figures who demonstrate the impact of women. It mentions the lullabies sung by Mother Jija Bai to Shivaji and the devotional songs of Yashoda to Krishna, suggesting these maternal influences contributed to their greatness. Both Lord Buddha and Lord Mahavir, who spread messages of compassion and peace, were guided by the inspirational mothers.
• Divine Embodiments: Indian culture worships and venerates primal powers and deities in feminine forms. Goddesses like Saraswati (knowledge), Lakshmi (wealth), and Durga (strength and valor) represent the ultimate sources of spiritual and material well-being, underscoring the divine significance of womanhood.
• Historical and Contemporary Leadership: The text recounts the significant roles women have played throughout Indian history, from being sages (like Lopamudra, Anasuya, Arundhati) to rulers (like Rani Durgavati, Chand Bibi, Razia Sultana, Rani Ahilyabai). It details the heroic contributions of women in the fight for Indian independence, such as Devi Chaudhurani, Rani Lakshmibai, Begum Hazrat Mahal, and Rani Channamma, and acknowledges the sacrifices made by thousands of women in the freedom struggle and revolutionary movements.
• Indira Gandhi as a Paragon: The post-independence era is heralded by the "Indira Era," with Indira Gandhi's leadership being described as a golden period. Her handling of the 1971 Indo-Pak war, her decisive victory against Pakistan, and her defiance of the United States are presented as a testament to her courage, strategic acumen, and compassion. She is compared to Goddess Durga for her role in the liberation of Bangladesh and her humanitarian efforts in caring for refugees. Her leadership in promoting peace and disarmament is highlighted as proof of women's potential to lead and contribute to global welfare.

In conclusion, "The Place, Importance, and Evaluation of Women in Human Development" asserts that women are not merely integral but paramount to the genesis, advancement, and ongoing well-being of humanity, civilization, and culture. Their dignity and significance have been consistently recognized and upheld throughout the vast expanse of Indian history and traditions, making them the true custodians of progress and prosperity.