Maheshwar Kavi Virachita Sanshayagaral Janguli Nammala - Book Summary

Here's a comprehensive summary of the Jain text "Maheshwar Kavi Virachita Sanshayagaral Janguli Nammala" based on the provided pages:

Overview:

This document is a Jain text titled "Maheshwar Kavi Virachita Sanshayagaral Janguli Nammala," compiled and presented by Shilchandrasuri. The text is a nammala (a compendium or list of names) that primarily focuses on variations in Sanskrit words, particularly in their spelling and pronunciation, and how these variations affect their meaning or usage. The editor, Vijayashilchandra Suri, highlights that Maheshwar Kavi was a learned scholar in grammar and medicine, possibly the author of works like 'Sahasankacharita'.

Key Content and Structure:

The nammala is divided into two main parts:

Shabdaprakar Nirdesh (Description of Word Variations): This section deals with common changes in words that arise from minor alterations in spelling or pronunciation. It explains how these shifts create different nuances or entirely new meanings. The text enumerates many examples of words that are similar but have slight differences, often involving the interchange of letters or vowel lengths.
Specific Letter-Based Groupings: The second part of the nammala focuses on word groups that are characterized by the prominence of certain letters. Examples mentioned include words starting with or featuring 'b', 'v', 'sh', 'ṣ', 's', and other consonants. This suggests a systematic approach to categorizing these linguistic variations.

Purpose and Significance:

Linguistic Utility: The primary aim of this nammala is to be useful for scholars and students of language (शाब्दिको), providing them with a valuable resource for understanding the intricacies and variations within Sanskrit vocabulary.
Clarifying Ambiguities: The title itself, "Sanshayagaral Janguli," implies that it serves to dispel doubts and confusions (संशय) related to words, much like an antidote for poison ('garal'). The editor also notes that the name "Shabdabhed Prakash" (Illumination of Word Differences) is also associated with this work, further emphasizing its role in clarifying linguistic distinctions.
Preservation of Knowledge: The text aims to document and preserve the learned insights of Maheshwar Kavi regarding Sanskrit word variations. The editor's effort in compiling and presenting this work, which was not previously published or known to him, highlights its value in contributing to Jain scholarship.

Editorial and Manuscript Information:

Author: Maheshwar Kavi. Information about him is limited, but his expertise in grammar and medicine is inferred from the text itself.
Editor: Shilchandrasuri (compiler/editor).
Manuscript: The manuscript was found in the Jain Atmanand Sabha in Bhavnagar. It comprises 7 folios. Folios 1-5 contain the main work, while the remaining pages contain an incomplete section titled 'Haamnaamamaalaashilonchha'.
Date of Manuscript: The manuscript was written in Samvat 1799 (1742 CE) by Jinendrasagar in Sthambhatirtha (modern-day Cambay).
Publisher: ZZ_Anusandhan (as indicated by the catalog link).

Examples of Word Variations (Illustrative from the text):

The nammala provides numerous examples of words that have subtle differences in spelling, often with corresponding shifts in meaning or acceptable usage. Some examples include:

अगार (agaar) and आगार (aagaar) (meaning house)
अपगा (apagaa) and आपगा (aapagaa) (meaning river)
अराति (araati) and आराति (aaraati) (meaning enemy)
आम (aam) and आम (aam) (meaning mango, or a specific type of fruit)
अङ्कर (ankar) and अङ्कुर (ankur) (meaning sprout)
अन्तरिक्ष (antariksh) and अन्तरिक्ष (antariksh) (meaning sky, or space)
अगस्त्य (agastya) and अगस्त्य (agastya) (name of a sage)
अटरूष (atarush) and आटरूष (aatarush)
अवश्य (avashya) and आवश्य (aavashya) (meaning necessity)
अवश्याय (avashyaay) and आवश्याय (aavashyaay) (meaning dew)
प्रतिश्याय (pratishyaya) and प्रतिश्या (pratishyaa) (meaning cold, or catarrh)
भल्लूक (bhalluk) and भत्छुको (bhatchuko)
जम्बूक (jambook) and जम्बक (jambak) (meaning jackal)
शम्बूक (shambook) and शम्बक (shambak)
जतुका (jatuukaa) and जतूका (jatuukaa) (meaning bat or a type of plant)
मसुर (masoor) and मसूरवत् (masoorvat) (meaning lentil)
वास्तुक (vaastuk) and वास्तूक (vaastook) (meaning basil)
देवकी (devaki) and दैवकी (daivaki) (mother of Krishna)
ज्योतिष (jyotish) and ज्यौतिघं (jyautigham) (astronomy)
टेवन (tevana) and ष्टीवन (shteewana) (spitting)
सूत्रमा (sootraamaa) and सुत्रामा (sootraamaa)
हनुमान (hanumaan) and हनुमान (hanumaan)
उष्णं (ushnam) and ऊषणं (ooshnam) (heat)
उखर (ukhar) and ऊखरम् (ookharam)
हारीत (haarita) and हारितो (haarito) (referring to a sage or a bird)
तुवर (tuvar) and तुंवरो (tunvaro)
कुबर (kuber) and कूबरो (kubaro)
उत्तमे (uttame) and उत्तमं (uttam)
आहते (aahate) and अनाहतम् (anaahatam) (unhurt)
उदा.रे (udaare) and अनुदारः (anudaarah) (generous)
उदने (udane) and अनुदग्रवत् (anudagravat)
बन्धूर (bandhoor) and बन्धुरं (bandhuram)
ईदृश (eedrish) and ऊरीकृत (ooreekrit)
वाल्हीक (vaalheek) and वाल्हिकं (vaalhikam)
गाण्डीव (gaandeev) and गाण्डिवो (gaandivo) (Arjuna's bow)
उष (ushaa) and ऊषा (ooshaa)
प्यूष (pyoosh) and प्यूषा (pyooshhaa)
ननादा (nadaadaa) and ननान्दा (nanaandaa) (sister-in-law)
हीबेर (heebar) and हिरिबेरं (hiriberam) (a type of herb)
चिकुर (chikur) and चिहुरो (chihuro) (hair)
चण्डाल (chandaal) and चाण्डालो (chaandaalo)
वदान्यो (vadaanyo) and वदन्यवत् (vadanyavat) (generous)
हालाहल (haalahal) and हालहलं (haalalahalam) (poison)
डाहाल (daahaal), डहालं (dahaalam), and डाहल (daahal)
कुङ्कण (kunkan) and कोङ्कण (konkan) (a region)
श्यामाक (shyaamaak) and श्यामको (shyaamako)
सहाचर (sahaachar) and सहचरः (sahacharh) (companion)
स्फटिक (sphatik) and स्फटिकं (sphatikam) (crystal)
गन्धर्व (gandharv) and गान्धर्व (gaandharv)
चमरं (chamaram) and चामरे (chaamare) (a fly-whisk)
चोर (chor) and चौरश्च (chaurashch) (thief)
चटु (chatu) and चाटु (chaatu) (flattery)
चेलं (chelam) and चेलं (chelam) (garment)
चमु (chamu) and चमूः (chamooh) (army)
चञ्च (chanch) and चञ्चू (chanchoo)
स्तल (stal) and तालः (taalah)
श्यामल (shyaamal) and श्यमलो (shyamalo)
महिला (mahilaa) and महेलापि (mahelaapi), महेला (mahelaa), महेलिका (mahelikaa) (woman)
छेक (chheka), छपिल्ल (chhaphilla), छेकालो (chhekaalo), विदग्धे (vidagdhe), छेकिलो (chhekilo) (clever)
गुग्गुल (guggul) and गुग्गुलो (guggulo)
विगुल (vigul) and हिङ्गल (hingal)
मन्दिर (mandir) and मन्दिराऽपि (mandiraa'pi)
वीर्य (veerya) and वीर्याऽपि (veeryaa'pi)
धन्याक (dhanyaak) and धान्याकं (dhaanyaakam) (coriander)
युतक (yutak) and यौतकं (yautakam) (dowry)
कवाट (kavaat) and कपाटं (kapaatam) (door)
कविल (kavil) and कपिलं (kapilam) (tawny)
करवाल (karavaal) and करवालो (karavaalo) (sword)
वनीपक (vaneepak) and विनीयको (vineeyako)
पारावत (paaraavat) and पारापतो (paaraapato) (pigeon)
जवा (javaa) and जपया (japayaa) (with japa flower)
जटायु (jataayu) and जटायुं (jataayum)
विदायु (vidaayu) and विदुरायु (viduraayu)
सायं (saayam) and सायो (saayo) (evening)
कोश (kosh) and कोषः (koshah) (treasure)
शण्ढ (shanḍha) and घण्ढवत् (ghanḍhavat)
तविषं (tavisham) and तविषं (tavisham)
मुशल (mushal) and मुषलो (mushalo) (pestle)
वेश (vesh) and वेषश्च (veshach) (dress)
बुश (bush) and बुशोऽपि (buso'pi)
तनु (tanu) and तणूषा (tanoosha)
सार्द्ध (saardha) and धनुना (dhanunaa)
शूकर (shookar) and सूकरोऽपि (sookaro'pi) (pig)
शृगाल (shrugaal) and संगालवत् (sangaalavat) (jackal)
शूर (shoor) and सूरश्च (soorashch) (brave)
तरणौ (tarano) and तरणौ (tarano) (sun)
कलश (kalash) and कलसोऽपि (kalaso'pi) (pot)
शूनासीस (shoonaasees) and सुनासीरो (sunaaseero) (Indra)
नारायण (naaraayaN) and नरायणौ (naraayaNao)
जाम्बवान् (jaambavaan) and जाम्बवोऽपि (jaambavo'pi) (bear-like character)
लक्ष्मण (lakshman) and लक्षणोऽपि (lakshaNo'pi)
संस्तर (samstar) and स्रस्तरोऽपि (srastaro'pi)
चरित्रं (charitram) and चरितं (charitam) (character, conduct)
पारत (paarat) and पारदं (paardam) (mercury)
वास्त्रो (vaastro) and वासरः (vaasaraha) (day)
कृमिवत् (krumivat) and क्रमिः (kramih) (worm)
तृफला (traphalaa) and त्रिफला (triphalaa) (a medicinal compound)
तृणता (trNataa) and त्रिणताऽपि (trinataa'pi) (grass)
ऋष्टि (rishṭi) and रिष्टिः (rishṭih) (a type of weapon)
प्रियाल (priyaal) and प्रयाल्वत् (prayaalvat)
कणाटीन (kanaaṭeen) and कटाटीनो (kaṭaatino)
वातको (vaatako) and वातगोऽपि (vaatago'pi)
मिहिरो (mihiro) and मुहिरोऽपि (muhiro'pi) (sun)
मकुरो (makuro) and मुकुरोऽपि (mookuro'pi) (mirror)
मकुलं (makulam) and मुकुलं (mukulam) (bud)
मकुटं (makutam) and मुकुटं (mukuṭam) (crown)
मत्कुर्ति (matkrti) and मुत्कुति (mutkuti)
चलुकं (chalukam) and चुलुकं (chulukam) (handful)
करंज (karanj) and करजो (karajo)
परेतः (paretah) and प्रेतवन्मतः (pretavanmatah)
किर्मीरो (kirmeero) and कर्मीरो (karmeero)
डयनं (ḍayanam) and हयनं (hayanam)
शौण्डिर्यमपि (shauṇḍiryamapi) and शौण्डीरं (shauṇḍeeram)
ज्येष्टे (jyeṣṭe) and ज्येष्टोऽपि (jyeṣṭo'pi) (eldest)
शुक्के (shukke) and वानं (vaanam)
उदके (udake) and दकं (dakam)
कुष्टभेदे (kuṣṭabhede) and शतरुषा (shatarushaa)
शतारुश्च (shataarushch)
द्रेक (drek), द्रेष्काण (dreṣkaaṇ), द्रष्काणा (drashkaaNaa), and हकाणवत् (hakaaṇavat)
पत्रङ्गमपि (patraggamapi) and पत्राङ्गे (patrangaae) (butterfly)
कुद्दाल (kuddaal) and कुदालवत् (kudaalavat) (hoe)

The text continues with such detailed listings of word variations, covering various phonetic changes and their implications. It also addresses specific instances of consonant substitutions and vowel changes, categorizing them for clarity. The later sections focus on the usage of 'v' in different positions (labial, dental-labial) and the variations of 'sh', 'ṣ', and 's'.

Conclusion:

"Maheshwar Kavi Virachita Sanshayagaral Janguli Nammala" is a scholarly work dedicated to the nuances of Sanskrit language, providing a comprehensive guide to word variations. Its contribution lies in clarifying linguistic ambiguities and offering valuable insights for those studying grammar and literature. The meticulous cataloging of similar-sounding and similarly spelled words, along with their potential differences in meaning, makes it a significant text for linguistic research within the Jain tradition.